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Engineering Systems Integration
property, the object is. Property is tangible in form and characteristics,
expresses value, and embodies rights, privileges, obligations, permissions,
and penalties. Intellectual property (sometimes referred to as intellectual
capital) continues to be recognized as the most important asset of many
major corporations.* Intellectual property is the basis for new technology,
innovation, and invention. The valuation of intellectual property is widely
debated and often contentiously determined. When a buyer and seller of
intellectual property agree on value, mergers and acquisitions result, † products are built and sold to customers, and international agreements become
the means of trade and commerce.
Objective Measures of Performance
Physical and intellectual objects (i.e., intellectual property objects) have
objective measures that relate directly to the performance(s) of products and
services. There is a wide disparity in defining objective measures, so the
term “objective measure” is limited in this book to that which is quantifiable
in terms of performance. Objective measures include any item or combination of items that are categorized as EMMI. The amount of money something
costs, the measured speed of an object, the amount of energy released from
the Sun, and the quantification of mass launched into orbit are all objective
measures. Additionally, the belief that an object will have various functions
with performances, while being cause enough to invoke processes (cognition, carrying out procedures, and even corporeal realization of that thinking, e.g., writing down thoughts), is considered to be subjective measures.
However, the objective measure of having one written document that
describes thinking, determining the mass of the paper on which the thoughts
are recorded, counting the number of words and number of letters, and
determining the size of the document (length, width, and depth) is embedded in the process frame as an object. Similarly, the user’s anticipations of an
object are determinable and identifiable as subjective measures. These
include any behaviors. In this book, the author defines behaviors by the use
of an operational definition (Kerlinger and Lee 2000) that particularizes
objects and processes in ways that are measurable. Behaviors are the movements of objects by processes, processes that result in objects, and objects
interacting with other objects. This definition of behaviors is generalized
from that used in systems engineering. Systems engineering considers
behaviors (as captured in behavioral diagrams) to be activities, sequences of
activities, and states of “machines” (Object Management Group 2007). In
software engineering, behaviors are defined as characteristics of equipment,
for example, reliability, loss, run speeds, and dimensions of various objects
* As early as 1883, the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property brought consensus to recognizing intellectual property as an important aspect of business.
† Assuming that the acquisition or takeover is not “hostile” in the classic business sense.
Engineering Systems Integration
property, the object is. Property is tangible in form and characteristics,
expresses value, and embodies rights, privileges, obligations, permissions,
and penalties. Intellectual property (sometimes referred to as intellectual
capital) continues to be recognized as the most important asset of many
major corporations.* Intellectual property is the basis for new technology,
innovation, and invention. The valuation of intellectual property is widely
debated and often contentiously determined. When a buyer and seller of
intellectual property agree on value, mergers and acquisitions result, † products are built and sold to customers, and international agreements become
the means of trade and commerce.
Objective Measures of Performance
Physical and intellectual objects (i.e., intellectual property objects) have
objective measures that relate directly to the performance(s) of products and
services. There is a wide disparity in defining objective measures, so the
term “objective measure” is limited in this book to that which is quantifiable
in terms of performance. Objective measures include any item or combination of items that are categorized as EMMI. The amount of money something
costs, the measured speed of an object, the amount of energy released from
the Sun, and the quantification of mass launched into orbit are all objective
measures. Additionally, the belief that an object will have various functions
with performances, while being cause enough to invoke processes (cognition, carrying out procedures, and even corporeal realization of that thinking, e.g., writing down thoughts), is considered to be subjective measures.
However, the objective measure of having one written document that
describes thinking, determining the mass of the paper on which the thoughts
are recorded, counting the number of words and number of letters, and
determining the size of the document (length, width, and depth) is embedded in the process frame as an object. Similarly, the user’s anticipations of an
object are determinable and identifiable as subjective measures. These
include any behaviors. In this book, the author defines behaviors by the use
of an operational definition (Kerlinger and Lee 2000) that particularizes
objects and processes in ways that are measurable. Behaviors are the movements of objects by processes, processes that result in objects, and objects
interacting with other objects. This definition of behaviors is generalized
from that used in systems engineering. Systems engineering considers
behaviors (as captured in behavioral diagrams) to be activities, sequences of
activities, and states of “machines” (Object Management Group 2007). In
software engineering, behaviors are defined as characteristics of equipment,
for example, reliability, loss, run speeds, and dimensions of various objects
* As early as 1883, the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property brought consensus to recognizing intellectual property as an important aspect of business.
† Assuming that the acquisition or takeover is not “hostile” in the classic business sense.