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Engineering Systems Integration
process of “to plan.” Cognition is a vast field of study. When particularizing
the 3 × 3 for a specific integration project, a complete process decomposition is
necessary to identify the objective and subjective causalities that are relevant
to the project. This decomposition should be completed before starting to outline the objective causalities within the framework of integration.
1. Cognitive structures (i.e., “to plan physical entities”) take into
account the physical entities that will be delivered. Typical questions
include: How will the user use, support, and in general deal with the
physical objects? What decisions will the user make because of the
physical objects? Where will the user place the physical objects?
How many users will be needed for the physical object(s)?
2. Cognitive structures (i.e., “to plan function”) take into account the
functions, functional performances, and losses that result from
achieving those functional performances. How will the user enable
and use the functions? Given the functional performance(s), what
decisions will the user make? How will those decisions change the
user’s uses of the physical objects or functions? What other functions
might the user require to carry out their work? What processes are
necessary to assist the user to make full use of the delivered object(s).
3. Cognitive structure (i.e., “to plan behaviors”) takes into account the
behaviors of the users before the physical entities are used, during
their use, and after their use. When the physical objects are not in
use, what should the users anticipate?
4. Cognitive structures (i.e., “to organize physical entities”) take into
account how the physical entities will be organized for use; how
they will be organized by functions(s); and how those organizations
impact on how the users make decisions and behave organizationally before, during, and after use. How do users organize their work,
with and without the objects?
5. Cognitive structures (i.e., “to direct physical entities”) take into
account how the objects are commanded or placed into operations;
how the functions are sequenced for various types of operation; and
how the users orchestrate their work—guiding their uses from one
task to the next.
6. Cognitive structures (i.e., “to control function”) account for the feedback required by the physical objects (e.g., user interface); the knowledge that a function is being performed properly; the confirmation
(and adjustment, if necessary) to achieve the desired performance;
the recognition and adjustment of the losses resulting from the system performances to satisfy a constraint or a limitation; and the
changes required in behavior to complete the tasks.
7. Cognitive structures (“to communicate physical entities”) account for
the physical expressions through physical entities of communications;
Engineering Systems Integration
process of “to plan.” Cognition is a vast field of study. When particularizing
the 3 × 3 for a specific integration project, a complete process decomposition is
necessary to identify the objective and subjective causalities that are relevant
to the project. This decomposition should be completed before starting to outline the objective causalities within the framework of integration.
1. Cognitive structures (i.e., “to plan physical entities”) take into
account the physical entities that will be delivered. Typical questions
include: How will the user use, support, and in general deal with the
physical objects? What decisions will the user make because of the
physical objects? Where will the user place the physical objects?
How many users will be needed for the physical object(s)?
2. Cognitive structures (i.e., “to plan function”) take into account the
functions, functional performances, and losses that result from
achieving those functional performances. How will the user enable
and use the functions? Given the functional performance(s), what
decisions will the user make? How will those decisions change the
user’s uses of the physical objects or functions? What other functions
might the user require to carry out their work? What processes are
necessary to assist the user to make full use of the delivered object(s).
3. Cognitive structure (i.e., “to plan behaviors”) takes into account the
behaviors of the users before the physical entities are used, during
their use, and after their use. When the physical objects are not in
use, what should the users anticipate?
4. Cognitive structures (i.e., “to organize physical entities”) take into
account how the physical entities will be organized for use; how
they will be organized by functions(s); and how those organizations
impact on how the users make decisions and behave organizationally before, during, and after use. How do users organize their work,
with and without the objects?
5. Cognitive structures (i.e., “to direct physical entities”) take into
account how the objects are commanded or placed into operations;
how the functions are sequenced for various types of operation; and
how the users orchestrate their work—guiding their uses from one
task to the next.
6. Cognitive structures (i.e., “to control function”) account for the feedback required by the physical objects (e.g., user interface); the knowledge that a function is being performed properly; the confirmation
(and adjustment, if necessary) to achieve the desired performance;
the recognition and adjustment of the losses resulting from the system performances to satisfy a constraint or a limitation; and the
changes required in behavior to complete the tasks.
7. Cognitive structures (“to communicate physical entities”) account for
the physical expressions through physical entities of communications;