Permeability logs, 563, 569
Permian, 15, 63, 64, 139, 162, 163, 165, 167, 170–172, 175, 182,
212, 223, 262, 282, 293, 452, 585, 604, 608–613,
617–619, 622, 627–629, 633, 634
carbonates reservoirs, 651
Persian gulf, 179, 190–193, 223–225, 267
Petroleum
composition, 382
generation, 12, 276, 299, 365–367, 374, 382, 383, 642
migration, 10–14, 373–384, 603, 634, 651
seepage, 383
Petrophysical property(ies), 389, 561, 564–565, 568, 569,
572–573, 579
modelling, 565, 568, 572–573
pH, 8, 92, 94–96, 104, 107, 108, 111, 113, 125, 135, 147, 152,
153, 179, 185, 192, 193, 202, 221, 222, 226, 227, 281,
283, 383, 595–597
Phase difference response (PDVO), 517, 525
Phase vs. source-receiver offset (PVO), 521, 522
Phosphorite, 199, 228–229
Photoelectric absorption, 411
Photoelectric factor (PEF)/litho-density log, 411–413
Photosynthesis, 4–6, 9, 95, 98, 112, 113, 153, 155, 158, 190,
193, 194, 222, 245, 283, 361
Phreatic zone, 197
Phytoplankton, 4, 6, 219, 363
Piezometric, 285, 297, 303, 304, 430, 433
P-impedance, 429
Pisolites, 182
Planar faults, 334, 338
Plants, 1, 4, 7, 8, 12, 24, 26, 27, 32, 61, 65, 73, 87, 98, 104, 112,
122, 124, 151, 154–164, 178, 187, 192, 194, 228, 236,
240, 245, 263, 361, 363, 365, 366, 439, 587, 591, 592,
599–601
Plastic deformation, 324
Plate tectonics, 261, 262, 271, 306, 321, 323, 452, 558, 585, 606
Point bar, 20, 66, 67, 82, 399
Porewater, 95, 103, 146, 213, 275, 281, 283, 285, 289, 299, 303,
304, 354, 373, 534, 618, 634
composition, 145
flow, 145, 304
Porosity
depth, 133, 140, 200, 293, 297, 352, 358
depth trend, 142–143, 352, 468
log, 401–410, 562, 570
loss, 128, 129, 132, 142–144, 146, 213, 293, 301, 351, 357,
358, 634
Post-mortem destruction, 175–177
Potentiometric, 285–289, 291, 296, 303, 376
Potentiometric gradients, 285–288, 376
P–P stack, 436, 438
Pre-stack depth migration (PSDM), 444
Pre-stack time migration (PSTM), 444–446
Production monitoring, 447, 557
Progradation, 20, 59, 61, 66, 70, 75, 77, 85, 86, 192, 243, 247,
249, 250, 258, 267–269, 334, 451, 614, 616, 619, 632
PSDM. See Pre-stack depth migration (PSDM)
Pseudostatic spontaneous potential (PSP), 395
PSP. See Pseudostatic spontaneous potential (PSP)
P–S stack, 436, 438
PSTM. See Pre-stack time migration (PSTM)
Pull-apart basins, 338, 626, 632
Pure shear, 326, 328–330, 332, 336
PVO. See Phase vs. source-receiver offset (PVO)
P-wave, 255, 407, 427–430, 432, 435, 458, 460, 464, 465, 470,
474, 475, 489, 491, 492, 500, 534, 569
Pyrolysis, 4, 362, 364, 367, 585, 586
Q
Quartz cement, 122, 127, 129–142, 274, 276, 295, 312, 313,
315, 317, 354, 355, 358, 463, 467, 468, 473, 480, 584,
620, 625, 634
Quartz overgrowth, 132–135, 138, 462, 463
R
Radiactive logs, 2, 23
Radiolaria, 7, 107, 193, 219–221, 228
Radiometric dating, 231, 233, 240, 243–245
Raw seismic, 439, 440
Rayleigh, 291, 427, 428, 430
convection, 291
Receiver array, 436
Red algae, 77, 152, 157–159, 162, 177, 184, 185, 201
Redox boundary, 8, 10, 103, 122, 123, 209, 227, 280, 282, 294
Reefs, 6, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 33, 58, 78, 84, 158, 159, 162, 163,
168, 170, 171, 184–192, 199–201, 204–207, 210, 214,
255, 557, 585
Reflected angle, 429
Reflected wave, 429, 435
Reflection, 192, 193, 220, 256–260, 329, 336, 345, 347, 422,
427–429, 433, 439, 442–446, 448, 455, 456, 460, 474,
475, 481, 504, 507, 511, 516, 620
coefficient, 256, 257, 411, 429, 439, 474, 475, 493
Reflectivity, 12, 13, 27, 365, 410, 432, 433, 458, 469, 475, 477,
479, 493
Refracted angle, 429
Refracted wave, 429, 510
Refraction, 36, 82, 256, 427, 429, 507–511, 516, 604
Regression, 59, 70, 75, 180, 224, 228, 248, 261, 262, 451, 452,
475, 629
Relative permeability, 286, 375, 376, 382, 384, 549–552, 554,
564, 575, 577, 596
Reservoir
modelling, 559–580
quality, 22, 28, 90, 120–124, 127, 130, 135, 136, 140–146,
151, 168, 171–173, 175, 182–183, 203, 210, 269, 273,
274, 277, 301, 387, 432, 456, 484, 549, 613, 634
rocks, 1, 6, 10–12, 14, 16, 18–22, 25–28, 31, 33, 90, 120,
124, 127, 130, 136, 138–140, 145, 146, 160, 162,
192–194, 200, 203–205, 209–214, 217, 221, 269, 271,
277, 313, 336, 342, 345, 371, 373, 376, 383, 385, 393,
405, 411–412, 414, 498–501, 512, 516, 542, 545, 546,
548–550, 554, 555, 558, 581, 582, 587, 609, 613, 614,
617–620, 624–626, 634, 647
Resistivity-derived porosity, 406, 407, 418
Resistivity log, 391, 413–416, 418, 424–426, 547, 562, 579
Index
659
Permian, 15, 63, 64, 139, 162, 163, 165, 167, 170–172, 175, 182,
212, 223, 262, 282, 293, 452, 585, 604, 608–613,
617–619, 622, 627–629, 633, 634
carbonates reservoirs, 651
Persian gulf, 179, 190–193, 223–225, 267
Petroleum
composition, 382
generation, 12, 276, 299, 365–367, 374, 382, 383, 642
migration, 10–14, 373–384, 603, 634, 651
seepage, 383
Petrophysical property(ies), 389, 561, 564–565, 568, 569,
572–573, 579
modelling, 565, 568, 572–573
pH, 8, 92, 94–96, 104, 107, 108, 111, 113, 125, 135, 147, 152,
153, 179, 185, 192, 193, 202, 221, 222, 226, 227, 281,
283, 383, 595–597
Phase difference response (PDVO), 517, 525
Phase vs. source-receiver offset (PVO), 521, 522
Phosphorite, 199, 228–229
Photoelectric absorption, 411
Photoelectric factor (PEF)/litho-density log, 411–413
Photosynthesis, 4–6, 9, 95, 98, 112, 113, 153, 155, 158, 190,
193, 194, 222, 245, 283, 361
Phreatic zone, 197
Phytoplankton, 4, 6, 219, 363
Piezometric, 285, 297, 303, 304, 430, 433
P-impedance, 429
Pisolites, 182
Planar faults, 334, 338
Plants, 1, 4, 7, 8, 12, 24, 26, 27, 32, 61, 65, 73, 87, 98, 104, 112,
122, 124, 151, 154–164, 178, 187, 192, 194, 228, 236,
240, 245, 263, 361, 363, 365, 366, 439, 587, 591, 592,
599–601
Plastic deformation, 324
Plate tectonics, 261, 262, 271, 306, 321, 323, 452, 558, 585, 606
Point bar, 20, 66, 67, 82, 399
Porewater, 95, 103, 146, 213, 275, 281, 283, 285, 289, 299, 303,
304, 354, 373, 534, 618, 634
composition, 145
flow, 145, 304
Porosity
depth, 133, 140, 200, 293, 297, 352, 358
depth trend, 142–143, 352, 468
log, 401–410, 562, 570
loss, 128, 129, 132, 142–144, 146, 213, 293, 301, 351, 357,
358, 634
Post-mortem destruction, 175–177
Potentiometric, 285–289, 291, 296, 303, 376
Potentiometric gradients, 285–288, 376
P–P stack, 436, 438
Pre-stack depth migration (PSDM), 444
Pre-stack time migration (PSTM), 444–446
Production monitoring, 447, 557
Progradation, 20, 59, 61, 66, 70, 75, 77, 85, 86, 192, 243, 247,
249, 250, 258, 267–269, 334, 451, 614, 616, 619, 632
PSDM. See Pre-stack depth migration (PSDM)
Pseudostatic spontaneous potential (PSP), 395
PSP. See Pseudostatic spontaneous potential (PSP)
P–S stack, 436, 438
PSTM. See Pre-stack time migration (PSTM)
Pull-apart basins, 338, 626, 632
Pure shear, 326, 328–330, 332, 336
PVO. See Phase vs. source-receiver offset (PVO)
P-wave, 255, 407, 427–430, 432, 435, 458, 460, 464, 465, 470,
474, 475, 489, 491, 492, 500, 534, 569
Pyrolysis, 4, 362, 364, 367, 585, 586
Q
Quartz cement, 122, 127, 129–142, 274, 276, 295, 312, 313,
315, 317, 354, 355, 358, 463, 467, 468, 473, 480, 584,
620, 625, 634
Quartz overgrowth, 132–135, 138, 462, 463
R
Radiactive logs, 2, 23
Radiolaria, 7, 107, 193, 219–221, 228
Radiometric dating, 231, 233, 240, 243–245
Raw seismic, 439, 440
Rayleigh, 291, 427, 428, 430
convection, 291
Receiver array, 436
Red algae, 77, 152, 157–159, 162, 177, 184, 185, 201
Redox boundary, 8, 10, 103, 122, 123, 209, 227, 280, 282, 294
Reefs, 6, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 33, 58, 78, 84, 158, 159, 162, 163,
168, 170, 171, 184–192, 199–201, 204–207, 210, 214,
255, 557, 585
Reflected angle, 429
Reflected wave, 429, 435
Reflection, 192, 193, 220, 256–260, 329, 336, 345, 347, 422,
427–429, 433, 439, 442–446, 448, 455, 456, 460, 474,
475, 481, 504, 507, 511, 516, 620
coefficient, 256, 257, 411, 429, 439, 474, 475, 493
Reflectivity, 12, 13, 27, 365, 410, 432, 433, 458, 469, 475, 477,
479, 493
Refracted angle, 429
Refracted wave, 429, 510
Refraction, 36, 82, 256, 427, 429, 507–511, 516, 604
Regression, 59, 70, 75, 180, 224, 228, 248, 261, 262, 451, 452,
475, 629
Relative permeability, 286, 375, 376, 382, 384, 549–552, 554,
564, 575, 577, 596
Reservoir
modelling, 559–580
quality, 22, 28, 90, 120–124, 127, 130, 135, 136, 140–146,
151, 168, 171–173, 175, 182–183, 203, 210, 269, 273,
274, 277, 301, 387, 432, 456, 484, 549, 613, 634
rocks, 1, 6, 10–12, 14, 16, 18–22, 25–28, 31, 33, 90, 120,
124, 127, 130, 136, 138–140, 145, 146, 160, 162,
192–194, 200, 203–205, 209–214, 217, 221, 269, 271,
277, 313, 336, 342, 345, 371, 373, 376, 383, 385, 393,
405, 411–412, 414, 498–501, 512, 516, 542, 545, 546,
548–550, 554, 555, 558, 581, 582, 587, 609, 613, 614,
617–620, 624–626, 634, 647
Resistivity-derived porosity, 406, 407, 418
Resistivity log, 391, 413–416, 418, 424–426, 547, 562, 579
Index
659