unconventional sources represents a serious environmental challenge to limit local pollution and also the
release of CO 2 .
Much updated information can be found on the
Internet:
International Energy Agency(IEA) www.iea.org
US geological survey (http://www.usgs.gov/)
Peak oil (http://peakoil.com/)
Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (http://www.npd.
no/)
Geological Society of London (http://www.geolsoc.
org.uk)
IFP (http://www.ifp.fr/)
Units for petroleum reserves:
1 Sm
3 (One standard cubic metre) ¼ 6.293 bbl
1 Sm
3
¼ 35.3 standard cubic feet.
1,000 Sm
3 of gas ¼ 1 Sm
3 o.e
1 Sm
3 of oil ¼ 1 Sm
3 o.e
1 tonne of NGL ¼ 1.3 Sm
3 o.e
o.e – oil equivalents are used to sum up the energy of
oil, gas and NGL (Natural Gas Liquids).
Further Reading
Allen, P.A. and Allen, J.R. 2005. Basin Analysis. Principles and
Applications. Blackwell, Oxford, 549 pp.
Beaumont, E.A. and Foster, N.H. 1999. Exploring for Oil and
Gas Traps. Treatise of Petroleum Geology. AAPG Special
Publication 40, 347 pp.
Biju-Duval, B. 1999. Sedimentary Geology. Sedimentary
Basins, Depositional Environments, Petroleum Formation.
Institut Francais du Pe ´trole Publication, Rueil-Malmaison
Editions Technip, 642 pp.
Glennie, K.W. 1998. Geology of the North Sea: Basic Concepts
and Recent Advances. Blackwell, Oxford, 636 pp.
Groshong, R.H. 1999. 3D Structural Geology. A Practical Guide
to Surface and Subsurface Interpretation. Springer, New
York, 324 pp.
Hunt, J.M. 1996. Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology. Freeman and Co., New York, 741 pp.
Miall, A.D. 1996. The Geology of Fluvial Processes, Basin
Analyses, and Petroleum Geology. Springer, New York,
582 pp.
Salvador, A. 2005. Energy: A Historical Perspective and 21st
Century Forecast. AAPG Studies in Geology 54, 207 pp.
1 Introduction to Petroleum Geology
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