This should therefore be linked to facies models and
provenance in addition to basin subsidence and heat
flow. Modelling of quartz cementation has proved to
be very useful for the prediction of porosity as a
function of the temperature history of the reservoir
sandstones, but the results are sensitive to the primary
textural and mineralogical composition of the
sandstones and the presence of grain coatings.
Further Reading
Aagaard, P., Egeberg, P.K., Saigal, G.C., Morad, S. and
Bjorlykke, K. 1990. Diagenetic albitization of detrital Kfeldspars in Jurassic, Lower Cretaceous and Tertiary clastic
reservoir rocks from Offshore Norway, II. Formation water
chemistry and kinetic considerations. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 60(4), 575–581.
Aase, N.E., Bjørkum, P.A. and Nadeau, P.H. 1996. The effect of
grain coating microquartz on preservation of porosity.
AAPG Bulletin 80, 1654–1673.
Ajdukiewicz, J.M., Nicholson, P.H. and Esch, W.L. 2010. Prediction of deep reservoir quality using early diagenetic process models in the Jurassic Norphlet Formation, Gulf of
Mexico. AAPG Bulletin 94, 1189-1227.
Barth, T. and Bjørlykke, K. 1993. Organic acids from source
rock maturation; generation potentials, transport
mechanisms and relevance for mineral diagenesis. Applied
Geochemistry 8, 325–337.
Boles, J.R. 1982. Active albitization of plagioclase, Gulf Coast
Tertiary. American Journal of Science 282, 165–180.
Boles, J.R. 1998. Carbonate cementation in Tertiary sandstones
of the San Joaquin Basin. In: Morad, S. (ed.), Carbonate
Cementation in Sandstones. International Association of
Sedimentology, Heidelberg, Special Publication 26,
pp. 261–284.
Bjørkum, P.A., Mjøs, R., Walderhaug, O. and Hurst, A. 1990.
The role of the late Cimmerian unconformity for the distribution of kaolinite in the Gullfaks Field, northern North Sea.
Sedimentology 37, 395-406.
Bjørkum, P.A. and Nadeau, P.H. 1998. Temperature controlled
porosity/permeability reduction, fluid migration and petroleum exploration in sedimentary basins. APPEA Journal 38,
453-464.
Bjørkum, P.A., Oelkers, E.H., Nadeau, P.H., Walderhaug, O.
and Murphy, W.M. 1998. Porosity prediction in quartzose
sandstones as a function of time, temperature, depth,
stylolite frequency, and hydrocarbon saturation. AAPG Bulletin 82, 637–648.
Bjørkum, P.A., Walderhaug, O. and Nadeau, P.H. 2001. Thermally driven porosity reduction: Impact on basin subsidence.
In: Shannon, P.M., Houghton, P.D.W. and Corcoran, D.V.
(eds.), The Petroleum Exploration of Ireland’s Offshore
Basins. Geological Society Special Publication 188, pp.
385–392.
Bjørlykke, K. 2014. Relationships between depositional
environments, burial history and rock properties. Some
principal aspects of diagenetic processes in sedimentary
basins. Sedimentary Geology 301, 1-14.
Bjørlykke, K., Nedkvitne, T., Ramm, M. and Saigal, G. 1992.
Diagenetic processes in the Brent Group (Middle Jurassic)
reservoirs of the North Sea – An overview. In: Morton, A.C.,
Haszeldine, R.S., Giles, M.R. and Brown, S. (eds.), Geology
of the Brent Group. Geological Society Special Publication
61, pp. 263–287.
Bjørlykke, K., Aagaard, P., Egeberg, P.K. and Simmons, S.P.
1995. Geochemical constraints from formation water analyses
from the North Sea and Gulf Coast Basin on quartz, feldspar
and illite precipitation in reservoir rocks. In: Cubitt, J.M. and
England, W.A. (eds.), The Geochemistry of Reservoirs.
Geological Society Special Publication 86, pp. 33–50.
Bjørlykke, K., Chuhan, F., Kjeldstad, A., Gundersen, E.,
Lauvrak, O. and Høeg, K. 2004. Modelling of sediment
compaction during burial in sedimentary basins. In:
Stephansson, O., Hudson, J. and King, L. (eds.), Coupled
Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical Processes in GeoSystems. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 699–708.
Bjørlykke, K. and Egeberg, P.K. 1993. Quartz cementation in
sedimentary basins. AAPG Bulletin 77, 1538–1548.
Bjørlykke, K. and Jahren, J. 2012. Open or closed geochemical
systems during diagensis in sedimentary basins: Constraints
on mass transfer during diagenesis and the prediction of
porosity in sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. AAPG
Bulletin 96, 2193–2214.
Bjørlykke, K., Ramm, M. and Saigal, G.C. 1989. Sandstone
diagenesis and porosity modification during basin evolution.
Geologische Rundschau 78, 243–268.
Bjørlykke, K., Mo, A. and Palm, E. 1988. Modelling of thermal
convection in sedimentary basins and its relevance to diagenetic reactions. Marine and Petroleum Geology 5, 338–351.
Bjørlykke, K. and Aagaard, P. 1992. Clay minerals in North Sea
sandstones. In: Houseknecht, D.W. and Pittman, E.D. (eds.),
Origin, Diagenesis, and Petrophysics of Clay Minerals in
Sandstones. SEPM, Special Publication 47, Tulsa, OK, pp.
65–80.
Burley, S.D. 1986. The development and destruction of porosity
in the Upper Jurassic reservoir sandstones of the Piper and
the Tartan fields, outer Moray Firth, North Sea. Clay
Minerals 21, 649–694.
Chuhan, F.A., Kjeldstad, A., Bjørlykke, K. and Høeg, K. 2002.
Porosity loss in sand by grain crushing. Experimental evidence and relevance to reservoir quality. Marine and Petroleum Geology 19, 39–53.
Chuhan, F.A., Kjeldstad, A., Bjørlykke, K. and Høeg, K. 2003.
Experimental compression of loose sands: Relevance to
porosity reduction during burial in sedimentary basins.
Canadian Geotechnical Journal 40, 995-1011.
Day-Stirrat, R.J., Milliken, K.L., Dutton, S.P., Loucks, R.G.,
Hillier, S., Aplin, A.C. and Schleicher, A.M. 2010. Opensystem chemical behavior in deep Wilcox Group mudstones,
Texas Gulf Coast, USA. Marine and Petroleum Geology 27,
1804-1818.
Ehrenberg, S.N. 1990. Relationship between diagenesis and
reservoir quality in sandstones of the Garn Formation,
Haltenbanken, mid-Norwegian continental shelf. AAPG
Bulletin 74, 1538–1558.
Ehrenberg, S.N. 1997. Influence of depositional sand quality and
diagenesis on porosity and permeability: Examples from
4 Sandstones and Sandstone Reservoirs
147
provenance in addition to basin subsidence and heat
flow. Modelling of quartz cementation has proved to
be very useful for the prediction of porosity as a
function of the temperature history of the reservoir
sandstones, but the results are sensitive to the primary
textural and mineralogical composition of the
sandstones and the presence of grain coatings.
Further Reading
Aagaard, P., Egeberg, P.K., Saigal, G.C., Morad, S. and
Bjorlykke, K. 1990. Diagenetic albitization of detrital Kfeldspars in Jurassic, Lower Cretaceous and Tertiary clastic
reservoir rocks from Offshore Norway, II. Formation water
chemistry and kinetic considerations. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 60(4), 575–581.
Aase, N.E., Bjørkum, P.A. and Nadeau, P.H. 1996. The effect of
grain coating microquartz on preservation of porosity.
AAPG Bulletin 80, 1654–1673.
Ajdukiewicz, J.M., Nicholson, P.H. and Esch, W.L. 2010. Prediction of deep reservoir quality using early diagenetic process models in the Jurassic Norphlet Formation, Gulf of
Mexico. AAPG Bulletin 94, 1189-1227.
Barth, T. and Bjørlykke, K. 1993. Organic acids from source
rock maturation; generation potentials, transport
mechanisms and relevance for mineral diagenesis. Applied
Geochemistry 8, 325–337.
Boles, J.R. 1982. Active albitization of plagioclase, Gulf Coast
Tertiary. American Journal of Science 282, 165–180.
Boles, J.R. 1998. Carbonate cementation in Tertiary sandstones
of the San Joaquin Basin. In: Morad, S. (ed.), Carbonate
Cementation in Sandstones. International Association of
Sedimentology, Heidelberg, Special Publication 26,
pp. 261–284.
Bjørkum, P.A., Mjøs, R., Walderhaug, O. and Hurst, A. 1990.
The role of the late Cimmerian unconformity for the distribution of kaolinite in the Gullfaks Field, northern North Sea.
Sedimentology 37, 395-406.
Bjørkum, P.A. and Nadeau, P.H. 1998. Temperature controlled
porosity/permeability reduction, fluid migration and petroleum exploration in sedimentary basins. APPEA Journal 38,
453-464.
Bjørkum, P.A., Oelkers, E.H., Nadeau, P.H., Walderhaug, O.
and Murphy, W.M. 1998. Porosity prediction in quartzose
sandstones as a function of time, temperature, depth,
stylolite frequency, and hydrocarbon saturation. AAPG Bulletin 82, 637–648.
Bjørkum, P.A., Walderhaug, O. and Nadeau, P.H. 2001. Thermally driven porosity reduction: Impact on basin subsidence.
In: Shannon, P.M., Houghton, P.D.W. and Corcoran, D.V.
(eds.), The Petroleum Exploration of Ireland’s Offshore
Basins. Geological Society Special Publication 188, pp.
385–392.
Bjørlykke, K. 2014. Relationships between depositional
environments, burial history and rock properties. Some
principal aspects of diagenetic processes in sedimentary
basins. Sedimentary Geology 301, 1-14.
Bjørlykke, K., Nedkvitne, T., Ramm, M. and Saigal, G. 1992.
Diagenetic processes in the Brent Group (Middle Jurassic)
reservoirs of the North Sea – An overview. In: Morton, A.C.,
Haszeldine, R.S., Giles, M.R. and Brown, S. (eds.), Geology
of the Brent Group. Geological Society Special Publication
61, pp. 263–287.
Bjørlykke, K., Aagaard, P., Egeberg, P.K. and Simmons, S.P.
1995. Geochemical constraints from formation water analyses
from the North Sea and Gulf Coast Basin on quartz, feldspar
and illite precipitation in reservoir rocks. In: Cubitt, J.M. and
England, W.A. (eds.), The Geochemistry of Reservoirs.
Geological Society Special Publication 86, pp. 33–50.
Bjørlykke, K., Chuhan, F., Kjeldstad, A., Gundersen, E.,
Lauvrak, O. and Høeg, K. 2004. Modelling of sediment
compaction during burial in sedimentary basins. In:
Stephansson, O., Hudson, J. and King, L. (eds.), Coupled
Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical Processes in GeoSystems. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 699–708.
Bjørlykke, K. and Egeberg, P.K. 1993. Quartz cementation in
sedimentary basins. AAPG Bulletin 77, 1538–1548.
Bjørlykke, K. and Jahren, J. 2012. Open or closed geochemical
systems during diagensis in sedimentary basins: Constraints
on mass transfer during diagenesis and the prediction of
porosity in sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. AAPG
Bulletin 96, 2193–2214.
Bjørlykke, K., Ramm, M. and Saigal, G.C. 1989. Sandstone
diagenesis and porosity modification during basin evolution.
Geologische Rundschau 78, 243–268.
Bjørlykke, K., Mo, A. and Palm, E. 1988. Modelling of thermal
convection in sedimentary basins and its relevance to diagenetic reactions. Marine and Petroleum Geology 5, 338–351.
Bjørlykke, K. and Aagaard, P. 1992. Clay minerals in North Sea
sandstones. In: Houseknecht, D.W. and Pittman, E.D. (eds.),
Origin, Diagenesis, and Petrophysics of Clay Minerals in
Sandstones. SEPM, Special Publication 47, Tulsa, OK, pp.
65–80.
Burley, S.D. 1986. The development and destruction of porosity
in the Upper Jurassic reservoir sandstones of the Piper and
the Tartan fields, outer Moray Firth, North Sea. Clay
Minerals 21, 649–694.
Chuhan, F.A., Kjeldstad, A., Bjørlykke, K. and Høeg, K. 2002.
Porosity loss in sand by grain crushing. Experimental evidence and relevance to reservoir quality. Marine and Petroleum Geology 19, 39–53.
Chuhan, F.A., Kjeldstad, A., Bjørlykke, K. and Høeg, K. 2003.
Experimental compression of loose sands: Relevance to
porosity reduction during burial in sedimentary basins.
Canadian Geotechnical Journal 40, 995-1011.
Day-Stirrat, R.J., Milliken, K.L., Dutton, S.P., Loucks, R.G.,
Hillier, S., Aplin, A.C. and Schleicher, A.M. 2010. Opensystem chemical behavior in deep Wilcox Group mudstones,
Texas Gulf Coast, USA. Marine and Petroleum Geology 27,
1804-1818.
Ehrenberg, S.N. 1990. Relationship between diagenesis and
reservoir quality in sandstones of the Garn Formation,
Haltenbanken, mid-Norwegian continental shelf. AAPG
Bulletin 74, 1538–1558.
Ehrenberg, S.N. 1997. Influence of depositional sand quality and
diagenesis on porosity and permeability: Examples from
4 Sandstones and Sandstone Reservoirs
147