We therefore need to reconstruct sedimentary
basins with respect to water depth, wave and tidal
energy, and climate at different gelogical times.
The grain-size distribution and the mineralogy are
to a large extent controlled by the source area being
eroded and by transport processes.
The primary sediment compostion with respect to
mineralogy and texture is very important with respect
to the diagenetic process during burial. This will
deterime the rock properties recorded seismically,
and also reservoir quality. Sedimentology provides
an important basis for basin analyses and for
predicting rock properties, such as porosity, ahead of
drilling. It is also very close to sequence stratigraphy.
See chapter 7.
Much of the interest in applied sedimentology was
traditionally concentrated on predicting the distribution of reservoir rocks, mainly sandstones and
limestones, and their properties. Now with the
increased interest in unconventional oil and gas, shales
have become very important, and the mineralogy is
very critical.
The changes from clay to mudstones and shales can
not be understood without detailed clay mineralogical
analyses and geochemistry. The primary mineralogy
and textural relationships determine the physical
properties during burial in sedimentary basins. This
is important for the interpretation of seismic data.
Further Reading
Allen, P.A. and Allen, J.R. 2009. Basin Analysis; Principles and
Applications. John Wiley, 560 pp.
Bjørlykke, K., Elvsborg, A., & Høy, T. (1976). Late Precambrian sedimentation in the Central Sparagmite Basin of
South Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 56, 233–290.
Brown, L.F. and Fisher, W.L. 1977. Seismic – Stratigraphic
interpretation of depositional systems. Examples from the
Brazilian rift and pull-apart basins. In: Payton, C.E. (ed.),
Seismic Stratigraphy – Application to Hydrocarbon Exploration. AAPG Memoir 26. Tulsa, OK, pp. 213–248.
Coleman, J.M. and Prior, D.B. 1980. Deltaic Sand Bodies.
Continuing Education Notes Series 15. AAPG, Tulsa, OK,
171 pp.
Collinson, J.D. and Levin, J. 1983. Modern and Ancient Fluvial
Systems. International Association of Sedimentologists,
Special Publication 6. Blackwell, Oxford, 575 pp.
Collinson, J.D. and Thompson, D.B. 1982. Sedimentary
Structures. Allen and Urwin, New York, NY, 194 pp.
Davis, R.A and Dalrymple, R.W. 2012. Principles of Tidal
Sedimentology. Springer Verlag, 621 pp.
De Blasio, F.V., Engvik, L., Harbitz, C.B. and Elverhøi, A.
2004. Hydroplaning and submarine debris flows. Journal of
Geophysical Research 109, C01002, doi:10.1029/
2002JC001714.
Fisher, W. L., Brown, L. F., Scott, A. J., & McGowen, J. H.
(1974). Delta systems in the exploration for oil and gas. A
research colloquium. Austin, TX: Geology Building, University of Texas campus. 78 pp.
James, N.P. and Dalrymple, R.W. 2010. Facies Models 4.
GEOtext 6. Canadian Sedimentology. Geological Association of Canada, 586 pp.
Kraft, J.C. and John, C.J. 1979. Sedimentary patterns and geologic history of Holocene marine transgression. Geological
Society of America Bulletin 63, 2145–2163.
Leggett, J.K. 1982. Trench-Forearc Geology: Sedimentation and
Tectonics on Modern and Ancient Active Plate Margins.
Geological Society Special Publication 10, 576 pp.
Miall, A.D. 1984. Principles of Sedimentary Basin Analysis.
Springer, New York, NY, 490 pp.
Mutti, E., Bernoulli, D. and Ricci Lucchi, F. 2009. Turbidites
and turbidity currents from alpine ‘flysch’ to the exploration
of continental margins. Sedimentology 56, 267–318.
Nichols, G. 2013. Sedimentology and Stratigraphy. WileyBlackwell, Chichester, 432 pp.
Nichols, G., Williams, E. and Paolola, C. 2008. Sedimentary
Processes, Environments and Basins. Wiley-Blackwell,
Chichester, 648 pp.
Perry, C. and Taylor, K. 2009. Environmental Sedimentology.
John Wiley, 460 pp.
Reading, H.G. 1996. Sedimentary Environments. Processes,
Facies and Stratigraphy (3rd. ed.). Blackwell, Oxford, 688 pp.
Shepard, F. P., Marshall, N. F., McLoughlin, P. A., & Sullivan,
G. G. (1979). Currents in submarine canyons and other sea
valleys. AAPG Studies in Geology, 8. 173 pp.
Taira, A., Okao, A.H., Whitaker, J.H.McD. and Smith, A.J.
1982. The Shimanto Belt of Japan. Cretaceous-lower Miocene active margin sedimentation. In: Legget, J.K. (ed.),
Trench-Forearc Geology: Sedimentation and tectonics on
modern and ancient plate margins. Geological Society Special Publication 10, pp. 5–26.
Talling, P.J., Lawrence, A., Amy, A. and Wynn, R.B. 2007.
New insight into the evolution of large-volume turbidity
currents: Comparison of turbidite shape and previous
modelling results. Sedimentology 54, 737–769.
Tinterri, R., Drago, M., Consonni, A., Davoli, G. and Mutti, E.
2003. Modelling subaqueous bipartite sediment gravity
flows on the basis of outcrop constraints: First results.
Marine and Petroleum Geology 20, 911–933.
Tucker, M.E. 2009a. Sedimentary Petrology: An Introduction to
the Origin of Sedimentary Rocks. Blackwell, Oxford, 272 pp.
Tucker, M.E. 2009b. Sedimentary Rocks in the Field. A Practical Guide. John Wiley 288 p.
Walker, R. G. (1984). Facies Models. Geoscience Canada.
Reprint Series, 211 pp.
Wright, L.D. and Coleman, J.M. 1974. Mississippi River mouth
processes: Effluent dynamics and morphologic development. Journal of Geology 82, 751–778.
90
K. Bjørlykke
basins with respect to water depth, wave and tidal
energy, and climate at different gelogical times.
The grain-size distribution and the mineralogy are
to a large extent controlled by the source area being
eroded and by transport processes.
The primary sediment compostion with respect to
mineralogy and texture is very important with respect
to the diagenetic process during burial. This will
deterime the rock properties recorded seismically,
and also reservoir quality. Sedimentology provides
an important basis for basin analyses and for
predicting rock properties, such as porosity, ahead of
drilling. It is also very close to sequence stratigraphy.
See chapter 7.
Much of the interest in applied sedimentology was
traditionally concentrated on predicting the distribution of reservoir rocks, mainly sandstones and
limestones, and their properties. Now with the
increased interest in unconventional oil and gas, shales
have become very important, and the mineralogy is
very critical.
The changes from clay to mudstones and shales can
not be understood without detailed clay mineralogical
analyses and geochemistry. The primary mineralogy
and textural relationships determine the physical
properties during burial in sedimentary basins. This
is important for the interpretation of seismic data.
Further Reading
Allen, P.A. and Allen, J.R. 2009. Basin Analysis; Principles and
Applications. John Wiley, 560 pp.
Bjørlykke, K., Elvsborg, A., & Høy, T. (1976). Late Precambrian sedimentation in the Central Sparagmite Basin of
South Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 56, 233–290.
Brown, L.F. and Fisher, W.L. 1977. Seismic – Stratigraphic
interpretation of depositional systems. Examples from the
Brazilian rift and pull-apart basins. In: Payton, C.E. (ed.),
Seismic Stratigraphy – Application to Hydrocarbon Exploration. AAPG Memoir 26. Tulsa, OK, pp. 213–248.
Coleman, J.M. and Prior, D.B. 1980. Deltaic Sand Bodies.
Continuing Education Notes Series 15. AAPG, Tulsa, OK,
171 pp.
Collinson, J.D. and Levin, J. 1983. Modern and Ancient Fluvial
Systems. International Association of Sedimentologists,
Special Publication 6. Blackwell, Oxford, 575 pp.
Collinson, J.D. and Thompson, D.B. 1982. Sedimentary
Structures. Allen and Urwin, New York, NY, 194 pp.
Davis, R.A and Dalrymple, R.W. 2012. Principles of Tidal
Sedimentology. Springer Verlag, 621 pp.
De Blasio, F.V., Engvik, L., Harbitz, C.B. and Elverhøi, A.
2004. Hydroplaning and submarine debris flows. Journal of
Geophysical Research 109, C01002, doi:10.1029/
2002JC001714.
Fisher, W. L., Brown, L. F., Scott, A. J., & McGowen, J. H.
(1974). Delta systems in the exploration for oil and gas. A
research colloquium. Austin, TX: Geology Building, University of Texas campus. 78 pp.
James, N.P. and Dalrymple, R.W. 2010. Facies Models 4.
GEOtext 6. Canadian Sedimentology. Geological Association of Canada, 586 pp.
Kraft, J.C. and John, C.J. 1979. Sedimentary patterns and geologic history of Holocene marine transgression. Geological
Society of America Bulletin 63, 2145–2163.
Leggett, J.K. 1982. Trench-Forearc Geology: Sedimentation and
Tectonics on Modern and Ancient Active Plate Margins.
Geological Society Special Publication 10, 576 pp.
Miall, A.D. 1984. Principles of Sedimentary Basin Analysis.
Springer, New York, NY, 490 pp.
Mutti, E., Bernoulli, D. and Ricci Lucchi, F. 2009. Turbidites
and turbidity currents from alpine ‘flysch’ to the exploration
of continental margins. Sedimentology 56, 267–318.
Nichols, G. 2013. Sedimentology and Stratigraphy. WileyBlackwell, Chichester, 432 pp.
Nichols, G., Williams, E. and Paolola, C. 2008. Sedimentary
Processes, Environments and Basins. Wiley-Blackwell,
Chichester, 648 pp.
Perry, C. and Taylor, K. 2009. Environmental Sedimentology.
John Wiley, 460 pp.
Reading, H.G. 1996. Sedimentary Environments. Processes,
Facies and Stratigraphy (3rd. ed.). Blackwell, Oxford, 688 pp.
Shepard, F. P., Marshall, N. F., McLoughlin, P. A., & Sullivan,
G. G. (1979). Currents in submarine canyons and other sea
valleys. AAPG Studies in Geology, 8. 173 pp.
Taira, A., Okao, A.H., Whitaker, J.H.McD. and Smith, A.J.
1982. The Shimanto Belt of Japan. Cretaceous-lower Miocene active margin sedimentation. In: Legget, J.K. (ed.),
Trench-Forearc Geology: Sedimentation and tectonics on
modern and ancient plate margins. Geological Society Special Publication 10, pp. 5–26.
Talling, P.J., Lawrence, A., Amy, A. and Wynn, R.B. 2007.
New insight into the evolution of large-volume turbidity
currents: Comparison of turbidite shape and previous
modelling results. Sedimentology 54, 737–769.
Tinterri, R., Drago, M., Consonni, A., Davoli, G. and Mutti, E.
2003. Modelling subaqueous bipartite sediment gravity
flows on the basis of outcrop constraints: First results.
Marine and Petroleum Geology 20, 911–933.
Tucker, M.E. 2009a. Sedimentary Petrology: An Introduction to
the Origin of Sedimentary Rocks. Blackwell, Oxford, 272 pp.
Tucker, M.E. 2009b. Sedimentary Rocks in the Field. A Practical Guide. John Wiley 288 p.
Walker, R. G. (1984). Facies Models. Geoscience Canada.
Reprint Series, 211 pp.
Wright, L.D. and Coleman, J.M. 1974. Mississippi River mouth
processes: Effluent dynamics and morphologic development. Journal of Geology 82, 751–778.
90
K. Bjørlykke