7 Conclusion
We have described chain-growth condensation polymerization and the obtained
polymers. Chain-growth condensation polymerization was achieved in two ways:
(1) activation of the polymer end group by differing substituent effects between the
monomer and the polymer, and (2) activation of the polymer end group by transfer
of the catalyst. The former method enables us to produce architectures containing
well-defined condensation polymers, such as block copolymers, star polymers, graft
copolymers, etc, which show interesting properties. We hope to utilize these polymer
architectures as new high-performance materials. The latter method affords welldefined π-conjugated polymers, which are expected to have applications as organic
electrical materials for photovoltaics, field effect transistors, light-emitting diodes,
and so on. Architectures containing π-conjugated polymers were also synthesized
by using catalyst-transfer condensation polymerization. Basic research on the
phenomena of catalyst transfer on π-conjugated polymers, and applied research for
synthesis of well-defined donor–acceptor low band gap polymers for photovoltaics
will progress in near feature.
References
1. Carothers WH (1936) Trans Faraday Soc 32:39
2. Flory PJ (1946) Chem Rev 39:137
3. Szwarc M, Levy M, Milkovich R (1956) J Am Chem Soc 78:2656
4. Lenz RW, Handlovits CE, Smith HA (1962) J Polym Sci 58:351
5. Newton AB, Rose JB (1972) Polymer 13:465
6. Lovering JR, Ridd JH, Parker DG, Rose JB (1988) J Chem Soc. Perkin Trans 2:1735
7. Hibbert DB, Sandall JPB, Lovering JR, Ridd JH, Yousaf TI (1988) J Chem Soc Perkin Trans
2:1739
8. Robello DR, Ulman A, Urankar EJ (1993) Macromolecules 26:6718
9. Risse W, Heitz W, Freitag D, Bottenbruch L (1985) Makromol Chem 186:1835
10. Koch W, Risse W, Heitz W (1985) Makromol Chem Suppl 12:105
11. Percec V, Wang JH (1991) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 29:63
12. Percec V, Shaffer TD (1986) J Polym Sci C Polym Lett 24:439
13. Percec V, Wang JH (1990) Polym Bull 24:493
14. Wang JH, Percec V (1991) Polym Bull 25:33
15. Kricheldorf HR, Schwarz G (1983) Makromol Chem 184:475
16. Yokozawa T, Horio S (1996) Polym J 28:633
17. Schoenberg A, Bartoletti I, Heck RF (1974) J Org Chem 39:3318
18. Schoenberg A, Heck RF (1974) J Org Chem 39:3327
19. Yokozawa T, Shimura H (1999) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 37:2607
20. Yokozawa T, Asai T, Sugi R, Ishigooka S, Hiraoka S (2000) J Am Chem Soc 122:8313
21. Yokozawa T, Ogawa M, Sekino A, Sugi R, Yokoyama A (2002) J Am Chem Soc 124:15158
22. Mikami K, Daikuhara H, Kasama J, Yokoyama A, Yokozawa T (2011) J Polym Sci A Polym
Chem 49:3020
23. Yokoyama A, Iwashita K-i, Hirabayashi K, Aiyama K, Yokozawa T (2003) Macromolecules
36:4328
24. Iwashita K, Yokoyama A, Yokozawa T (2005) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 43:4109
234
Y. Ohta and T. Yokozawa
We have described chain-growth condensation polymerization and the obtained
polymers. Chain-growth condensation polymerization was achieved in two ways:
(1) activation of the polymer end group by differing substituent effects between the
monomer and the polymer, and (2) activation of the polymer end group by transfer
of the catalyst. The former method enables us to produce architectures containing
well-defined condensation polymers, such as block copolymers, star polymers, graft
copolymers, etc, which show interesting properties. We hope to utilize these polymer
architectures as new high-performance materials. The latter method affords welldefined π-conjugated polymers, which are expected to have applications as organic
electrical materials for photovoltaics, field effect transistors, light-emitting diodes,
and so on. Architectures containing π-conjugated polymers were also synthesized
by using catalyst-transfer condensation polymerization. Basic research on the
phenomena of catalyst transfer on π-conjugated polymers, and applied research for
synthesis of well-defined donor–acceptor low band gap polymers for photovoltaics
will progress in near feature.
References
1. Carothers WH (1936) Trans Faraday Soc 32:39
2. Flory PJ (1946) Chem Rev 39:137
3. Szwarc M, Levy M, Milkovich R (1956) J Am Chem Soc 78:2656
4. Lenz RW, Handlovits CE, Smith HA (1962) J Polym Sci 58:351
5. Newton AB, Rose JB (1972) Polymer 13:465
6. Lovering JR, Ridd JH, Parker DG, Rose JB (1988) J Chem Soc. Perkin Trans 2:1735
7. Hibbert DB, Sandall JPB, Lovering JR, Ridd JH, Yousaf TI (1988) J Chem Soc Perkin Trans
2:1739
8. Robello DR, Ulman A, Urankar EJ (1993) Macromolecules 26:6718
9. Risse W, Heitz W, Freitag D, Bottenbruch L (1985) Makromol Chem 186:1835
10. Koch W, Risse W, Heitz W (1985) Makromol Chem Suppl 12:105
11. Percec V, Wang JH (1991) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 29:63
12. Percec V, Shaffer TD (1986) J Polym Sci C Polym Lett 24:439
13. Percec V, Wang JH (1990) Polym Bull 24:493
14. Wang JH, Percec V (1991) Polym Bull 25:33
15. Kricheldorf HR, Schwarz G (1983) Makromol Chem 184:475
16. Yokozawa T, Horio S (1996) Polym J 28:633
17. Schoenberg A, Bartoletti I, Heck RF (1974) J Org Chem 39:3318
18. Schoenberg A, Heck RF (1974) J Org Chem 39:3327
19. Yokozawa T, Shimura H (1999) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 37:2607
20. Yokozawa T, Asai T, Sugi R, Ishigooka S, Hiraoka S (2000) J Am Chem Soc 122:8313
21. Yokozawa T, Ogawa M, Sekino A, Sugi R, Yokoyama A (2002) J Am Chem Soc 124:15158
22. Mikami K, Daikuhara H, Kasama J, Yokoyama A, Yokozawa T (2011) J Polym Sci A Polym
Chem 49:3020
23. Yokoyama A, Iwashita K-i, Hirabayashi K, Aiyama K, Yokozawa T (2003) Macromolecules
36:4328
24. Iwashita K, Yokoyama A, Yokozawa T (2005) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 43:4109
234
Y. Ohta and T. Yokozawa