Table 3 Miniemulsion radical copolymerization of alkyl (meth)acrylate (BMA or BA) with MMm to produce graft copolymers, and their properties
Copolymerization reaction
a
Average particle diameter
Product graft copolymer
b
Feed ratio B(M)A/
MMm
b
(mol/mol)
Surfactant
c
(wt%)
Before
polymerization
(nm)
After
polymerization
(nm)
Structure
expression
M n
(Â10
À4
)
T g
(
C)
Young’s
modulus
(kgf/cm
2
)
Tensile
strength
(kgf/cm
2
)
Elongation
at break (%)
BMA/MM4 (75/25)
SDS (3.0)
261
175
PBMA-gPLA4
–
35
1,020
25.5
453
BMA/MM6 (83/17)
SDS (1.0)
231
223
PBMA-gPLA6
15.9
30
2,390
92
265
BMA/MM6 (83/17)
SDS (3.0)
265
176
PBMA-gPLA6
13.5
37
1,582
36.7
415
BMA/MM6 (83/ 17)
PEREX
(1.0)
220
333
PBMA-gPLA6
16.4
32
1,104
53
95
BMA/MM6 (83/17)
PEREX
(3.0)
267
168
PBMA-gPLA6
12.9
–
–
–
–
BMA/MM8 (87/13)
SDS (3.0)
258
105
PBMA-gPLA8
–
40
2,582
58.2
360
BMA/MM12 (92/8)
SDS (3.0)
244
78
d
PBMA-gPLA12
–
–
–
–
–
BA/MM6 (85/15)
PEREX
(1.0)
113
99
PBA-g-PLA6 4.95
–
–
–
–
a
Reaction at 85
C for 0.5 h in H
2 O with addition of the surfactant and KPS radical initiator
b
Biomass content was adjusted in the initial reaction feed to be 34 wt% in all runs
c
Surfactants used were sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (PEREX). The wt% for the total monomers is given in parentheses
d
Aggregated precipitates were formed in 3.9 wt%
152
S. Kobayashi