252
The Stratigraphic Architecture of Fluvial Depositional Systems
Table 9.1. Terminology and examples, large-scale fluvial stratigraphic architecture
Group�
6
7
8
9
10
Time scale
years
10'
-10;
10'
-10°
10'
-106
Terminology and examples
Architectural elements:
e.g., crevasse splay, macroform.
Fan channels
Simple pedofacies sequences
Channels.
Autogenic channel-belt models
Sand-belt architecture models
Avulsion events (buff system, Siwaliks)
Fan progradation-trenching cycle
(fifth-order lithesome)
Fan sequences.
Compound pedofacies sequences
Typical coal seams
Units I to VIII, Old Red Sandstone
Channel belt, alluvial fan.
Long-term geomorphic thresholds
(third-order geomorphic cycles)
Fifth-order sequence: Milankovitch cycle:
Return period of
autogenic channel-fill Siwalik cycles
Channel-belt migration (buff/blue-grey syst.)
Fan megasequences.
Major coarsening-upward cycles.
Sixth-order lithosomes
Pedofacies megasequences
Devonian cycles, E. Greenland
Minor cycles
Incised valley-fills, Louisiana shelf
Channel-belt alloformations, Louisiana
Major depositional system, fan tract.
Long-term geomorphic thresholds
(third-order geomorphic cycles)
Fourth-order sequence: Milankovitch cycle:
Depositional-system axis
Seventh-order lithosomes
Pedofacies megasequences
Catenas of tectonic origin
Cyclothems
Minor cycles
Major cycles
Castlegate Sandstone sequences, Utah
Medium-order cycles, Tr-Jur, North Sea
Basin-fill complexes
Second-order geomorphic cycles
Tectonic cyclothems
Third-order stratigraphic sequences
Mesothems
Major cycles
Ancient examples:
Third-order Brazeau-Paskapoo cycles
Tertiary formations, Gulf Coast
Karoo basin cycles, S. Africa
References
Miall (1985)
DeCelles et a!. (1991)
Kraus (1987)
Allen (1974b), Bridge and Leeder
(1979), Bridge and Mackey (1993)
Galloway (1981), Hirst (1991),
Cowan (1991)
Behrensmeyer and Tau.xe (1982),
Behrensmeyer (1987)
DeCelles et a!. (1991)
Heward (1978a)
Kraus (1987)
Nemec (1988)
Allen and Williams (1982)
Schumm (1977)
Schumm (1977)
Vail et a!. (1977), Miall (1990)
Johnson et a!. (1985),
Behrensmeyer and Tauxe (1982)
Heward (1978a)
Gloppen and Steel (1981)
DeCelles eta!. (1991)
Kraus (1987)
Olsen ( 1990)
Heckel (1986)
Suter et a!. (1987)
Autin (1992)
Schumm (1977)
Schumm (1977)
Vail et a!. (1977), Miall (1990)
Galloway (1981)
DeCelles et a!. (1991)
Kraus (1987)
Atkinson (1986)
Klein and Willard (1989)
Holdsworth and Collinson (1988)
Heckel (1986)
Van Wagoner et al. (1990, 1991),
Miall (1993)
Nystuen et a!. (1989)
Schumm (1977)
Blair and Bilodeau (1988)
Vail et a!. (1977)
Ramsbottom (1979)
Holdsworth and Collinson (1988)
McClean and Jerzykiewicz (1978)
Galloway (1981)
Visser and Dukas (1979),
Turner (1983)
The Stratigraphic Architecture of Fluvial Depositional Systems
Table 9.1. Terminology and examples, large-scale fluvial stratigraphic architecture
Group�
6
7
8
9
10
Time scale
years
10'
-10;
10'
-10°
10'
-106
Terminology and examples
Architectural elements:
e.g., crevasse splay, macroform.
Fan channels
Simple pedofacies sequences
Channels.
Autogenic channel-belt models
Sand-belt architecture models
Avulsion events (buff system, Siwaliks)
Fan progradation-trenching cycle
(fifth-order lithesome)
Fan sequences.
Compound pedofacies sequences
Typical coal seams
Units I to VIII, Old Red Sandstone
Channel belt, alluvial fan.
Long-term geomorphic thresholds
(third-order geomorphic cycles)
Fifth-order sequence: Milankovitch cycle:
Return period of
autogenic channel-fill Siwalik cycles
Channel-belt migration (buff/blue-grey syst.)
Fan megasequences.
Major coarsening-upward cycles.
Sixth-order lithosomes
Pedofacies megasequences
Devonian cycles, E. Greenland
Minor cycles
Incised valley-fills, Louisiana shelf
Channel-belt alloformations, Louisiana
Major depositional system, fan tract.
Long-term geomorphic thresholds
(third-order geomorphic cycles)
Fourth-order sequence: Milankovitch cycle:
Depositional-system axis
Seventh-order lithosomes
Pedofacies megasequences
Catenas of tectonic origin
Cyclothems
Minor cycles
Major cycles
Castlegate Sandstone sequences, Utah
Medium-order cycles, Tr-Jur, North Sea
Basin-fill complexes
Second-order geomorphic cycles
Tectonic cyclothems
Third-order stratigraphic sequences
Mesothems
Major cycles
Ancient examples:
Third-order Brazeau-Paskapoo cycles
Tertiary formations, Gulf Coast
Karoo basin cycles, S. Africa
References
Miall (1985)
DeCelles et a!. (1991)
Kraus (1987)
Allen (1974b), Bridge and Leeder
(1979), Bridge and Mackey (1993)
Galloway (1981), Hirst (1991),
Cowan (1991)
Behrensmeyer and Tau.xe (1982),
Behrensmeyer (1987)
DeCelles et a!. (1991)
Heward (1978a)
Kraus (1987)
Nemec (1988)
Allen and Williams (1982)
Schumm (1977)
Schumm (1977)
Vail et a!. (1977), Miall (1990)
Johnson et a!. (1985),
Behrensmeyer and Tauxe (1982)
Heward (1978a)
Gloppen and Steel (1981)
DeCelles eta!. (1991)
Kraus (1987)
Olsen ( 1990)
Heckel (1986)
Suter et a!. (1987)
Autin (1992)
Schumm (1977)
Schumm (1977)
Vail et a!. (1977), Miall (1990)
Galloway (1981)
DeCelles et a!. (1991)
Kraus (1987)
Atkinson (1986)
Klein and Willard (1989)
Holdsworth and Collinson (1988)
Heckel (1986)
Van Wagoner et al. (1990, 1991),
Miall (1993)
Nystuen et a!. (1989)
Schumm (1977)
Blair and Bilodeau (1988)
Vail et a!. (1977)
Ramsbottom (1979)
Holdsworth and Collinson (1988)
McClean and Jerzykiewicz (1978)
Galloway (1981)
Visser and Dukas (1979),
Turner (1983)