26
Q. T. Lai et al.
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
Carbonation of Beverages
Curing of Concrete
For Fertilizers
Algae Production
Carbon Mineralization
Food Processing
Red Mud Processing
Fire Suppression
Fig. 2 CCUS utilization concept. (Color figure online)
Carbon mineralization is one of the sustainable technologies for CO 2 utilization
and will soon play an important role in reducing GHG emissions by approximately
250–500 million tons per year in 2030 (CO 2 value Europe). Mineral carbonation is
one of the best examples of CCUS where CO 2 is stored in the form of inert carbonate
rock. The CCUS utilization concept is shown in Fig. 2.
The main principle of carbon mineralization is shown in Fig. 3, which presents the
development of CO 2 utilization and mitigation technology using low-grade minerals.
The structure of the resource industry is adapting as climate change emerges as
an important global agenda. Carbon mineralization technology is the first method
used to produce carbonate minerals by directly reacting to natural minerals that are
alkaline compounds, inorganic by-products, and solid waste with a low concentration
of CO 2 (8–13%). The resulting carbonate minerals are used in the manufacture of
Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of carbon mineralization. (Color figure online)
Q. T. Lai et al.
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
Carbonation of Beverages
Curing of Concrete
For Fertilizers
Algae Production
Carbon Mineralization
Food Processing
Red Mud Processing
Fire Suppression
Fig. 2 CCUS utilization concept. (Color figure online)
Carbon mineralization is one of the sustainable technologies for CO 2 utilization
and will soon play an important role in reducing GHG emissions by approximately
250–500 million tons per year in 2030 (CO 2 value Europe). Mineral carbonation is
one of the best examples of CCUS where CO 2 is stored in the form of inert carbonate
rock. The CCUS utilization concept is shown in Fig. 2.
The main principle of carbon mineralization is shown in Fig. 3, which presents the
development of CO 2 utilization and mitigation technology using low-grade minerals.
The structure of the resource industry is adapting as climate change emerges as
an important global agenda. Carbon mineralization technology is the first method
used to produce carbonate minerals by directly reacting to natural minerals that are
alkaline compounds, inorganic by-products, and solid waste with a low concentration
of CO 2 (8–13%). The resulting carbonate minerals are used in the manufacture of
Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of carbon mineralization. (Color figure online)