The Influence of Hydrogen Injection on the Reduction …
159
Conclusion
The model was established based on the principle of simultaneous equilibrium and
the principle of minimum Gibbs free energy, and under the working conditions of
the conventional blast furnace, the influence of hydrogen injection at the lower part
of the blast furnace on the Wustite reduction process was analyzed based on the
thermodynamic equilibrium calculation through the thermodynamic software HSC
Chemistry 6.0. The results show that when the amount of hydrogen injection for
heating is less than 25%, the gas utilization ratio gradually increases with the increase
of the amount of hydrogen injection, FeO can be completely reduced, and no water is
generated because H2 only acts as a transmission medium. The hydrogen then enters
the upper part of the blast furnace, part of which participates in the reduction reaction
of high-valent iron oxides, and part of it is discharged with the blast furnace gas.
When more than 25% (less than 95%), the gas utilization ratio will gradually decrease
with the increase of the amount of hydrogen injection, FeO cannot be completely
reduced, the remaining FeO will increase with the increase by injecting hydrogen,
and the coexistence of solid carbon and FeO appears.
Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National
Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51874056).
References
1. Huo DX, Liang JL, Li H, et al (2016) Energy saving and emission reduction technology in
metallurgical industry. Foundry Technol 1298–1300 (in Chinese)
2. Galvita V, Hempel T, Lorenz H et al (2008) Deactivation of modified iron oxide materials in the
cyclic water gas shift process for co-free hydrogen production. Ind Eng Chem Res 47:303–310
3. Bleeker MF, Veringa HJ, Kersten SRA (2010) Pure hydrogen production from pyrolysis oil
using the steam-iron process: effects of temperature and iron oxide conversion in the reduction.
Ind Eng Chem Res 49:53–64
4. Kim WH, Min DJ (2011) A mass and energy estimation for the hydrogen utilization in the
iron-making process. Sci China-Technol Sci 54:1655–1660
5. Wang P, Li JX, Zhou LY et al (2013) Theoretical and experimental investigation of oxygen blast
furnace process with high injection of hydrogenous fuel. Ironmaking Steelmaking 40:312–317
6. Bernasowski M (2014) Theoretical study of the hydrogen influence on iron oxides reduction
at the blast furnace process. Steel Res Int 85:670–678
7. Li B, Guo HJ, Guo J et al (2017) Thermodynamics of iron oxide gas-solid reduction based on
the minimized Gibbs free energy principle. Chin J Eng 39:1653–1660 (in Chinese)
8. Nishioka K, Ujisawa Y, Tonomura S et al (2016) Sustainable aspects of CO 2 ultimate reduction
in the steelmaking process (COURSE50 Project), Part 1: Hydrogen reduction in the blast
furnace. J Sustain Metallurgy 2:200–208
9. Chen M, Li JX, Li XF (2007) Experiment study on wustite reduction with compound gases
of different hydrogen content at high temperature. Metal Mater Metallurgy Eng 35:19–22 (in
Chinese)
10. Chu MS, Nogami HS, Yagi JI (2004) Numerical analysis on injection of hydrogen bearing
materials into blast furnace. ISIJ Int 44:801–808
159
Conclusion
The model was established based on the principle of simultaneous equilibrium and
the principle of minimum Gibbs free energy, and under the working conditions of
the conventional blast furnace, the influence of hydrogen injection at the lower part
of the blast furnace on the Wustite reduction process was analyzed based on the
thermodynamic equilibrium calculation through the thermodynamic software HSC
Chemistry 6.0. The results show that when the amount of hydrogen injection for
heating is less than 25%, the gas utilization ratio gradually increases with the increase
of the amount of hydrogen injection, FeO can be completely reduced, and no water is
generated because H2 only acts as a transmission medium. The hydrogen then enters
the upper part of the blast furnace, part of which participates in the reduction reaction
of high-valent iron oxides, and part of it is discharged with the blast furnace gas.
When more than 25% (less than 95%), the gas utilization ratio will gradually decrease
with the increase of the amount of hydrogen injection, FeO cannot be completely
reduced, the remaining FeO will increase with the increase by injecting hydrogen,
and the coexistence of solid carbon and FeO appears.
Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National
Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51874056).
References
1. Huo DX, Liang JL, Li H, et al (2016) Energy saving and emission reduction technology in
metallurgical industry. Foundry Technol 1298–1300 (in Chinese)
2. Galvita V, Hempel T, Lorenz H et al (2008) Deactivation of modified iron oxide materials in the
cyclic water gas shift process for co-free hydrogen production. Ind Eng Chem Res 47:303–310
3. Bleeker MF, Veringa HJ, Kersten SRA (2010) Pure hydrogen production from pyrolysis oil
using the steam-iron process: effects of temperature and iron oxide conversion in the reduction.
Ind Eng Chem Res 49:53–64
4. Kim WH, Min DJ (2011) A mass and energy estimation for the hydrogen utilization in the
iron-making process. Sci China-Technol Sci 54:1655–1660
5. Wang P, Li JX, Zhou LY et al (2013) Theoretical and experimental investigation of oxygen blast
furnace process with high injection of hydrogenous fuel. Ironmaking Steelmaking 40:312–317
6. Bernasowski M (2014) Theoretical study of the hydrogen influence on iron oxides reduction
at the blast furnace process. Steel Res Int 85:670–678
7. Li B, Guo HJ, Guo J et al (2017) Thermodynamics of iron oxide gas-solid reduction based on
the minimized Gibbs free energy principle. Chin J Eng 39:1653–1660 (in Chinese)
8. Nishioka K, Ujisawa Y, Tonomura S et al (2016) Sustainable aspects of CO 2 ultimate reduction
in the steelmaking process (COURSE50 Project), Part 1: Hydrogen reduction in the blast
furnace. J Sustain Metallurgy 2:200–208
9. Chen M, Li JX, Li XF (2007) Experiment study on wustite reduction with compound gases
of different hydrogen content at high temperature. Metal Mater Metallurgy Eng 35:19–22 (in
Chinese)
10. Chu MS, Nogami HS, Yagi JI (2004) Numerical analysis on injection of hydrogen bearing
materials into blast furnace. ISIJ Int 44:801–808