5.3 Case Studies for Determining the Potential of Renewable Hydrogen …
81
Table 5.10 Hydrogen demand per production process in Mt y −1
Country
Japan China Korea Taiwan Australia Total per process
Ammonia production
-
10,10 -
–
0,23
10,33
Methanol production
–
8,87
–
–
0,01
8,88
Oil refining
0,68
2,82
0,69
0,30
0,10
4,59
Carbon abated BF-OF
steel manufacturing
process (option 1)
2,09
20,82 1,27
0,40
0,10
24,68
DRI-EAF steel
manufacturing process
(incl. recycled share)
(option 2)
2,85
37,23 1,56
0,56
0,15
42,36
Total per country with
steel manufacturing
option 1
2,77
42,60 1,97
0,70
0,45
48,49
Total per country with
steel manufacturing
option 2
3,54
59,02 2,25
0,86
0,49
66,16
5.3.3 Determining the Potential for Decarbonisation
The determination of the decarbonisation potential is done by calculating the offset of CO 2 emissions if the hydrogen used in the industrial process is produced
from water electrolysis powered by renewable electricity.
As identified in the literature review, the CO 2 emissions offset depends on the
fossil fuel-based hydrogen production processes. The SMR process releases 12
kg of CO 2 per kg of hydrogen produced while the coal gasification releases 27
kg of CO 2 per g of hydrogen produced (Simons and Bauer 2011).
In the oil refining sector, hydrogen is also produced as a by-product of steam
naphtha reforming (catalytic reforming) process. The CO 2 emissions of steam
naphtha reforming (catalytic reforming) is of 10,5 kg per kg of hydrogen produced
(EPA 2008). A portion of the hydrogen used in oil refining is also purchased. This
merchant hydrogen for oil refining is assumed to be produced from SMR in the
calculations.
81
Table 5.10 Hydrogen demand per production process in Mt y −1
Country
Japan China Korea Taiwan Australia Total per process
Ammonia production
-
10,10 -
–
0,23
10,33
Methanol production
–
8,87
–
–
0,01
8,88
Oil refining
0,68
2,82
0,69
0,30
0,10
4,59
Carbon abated BF-OF
steel manufacturing
process (option 1)
2,09
20,82 1,27
0,40
0,10
24,68
DRI-EAF steel
manufacturing process
(incl. recycled share)
(option 2)
2,85
37,23 1,56
0,56
0,15
42,36
Total per country with
steel manufacturing
option 1
2,77
42,60 1,97
0,70
0,45
48,49
Total per country with
steel manufacturing
option 2
3,54
59,02 2,25
0,86
0,49
66,16
5.3.3 Determining the Potential for Decarbonisation
The determination of the decarbonisation potential is done by calculating the offset of CO 2 emissions if the hydrogen used in the industrial process is produced
from water electrolysis powered by renewable electricity.
As identified in the literature review, the CO 2 emissions offset depends on the
fossil fuel-based hydrogen production processes. The SMR process releases 12
kg of CO 2 per kg of hydrogen produced while the coal gasification releases 27
kg of CO 2 per g of hydrogen produced (Simons and Bauer 2011).
In the oil refining sector, hydrogen is also produced as a by-product of steam
naphtha reforming (catalytic reforming) process. The CO 2 emissions of steam
naphtha reforming (catalytic reforming) is of 10,5 kg per kg of hydrogen produced
(EPA 2008). A portion of the hydrogen used in oil refining is also purchased. This
merchant hydrogen for oil refining is assumed to be produced from SMR in the
calculations.