5.1 Evaluation of the Literature Review …
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Both strategies put focus on developing supply chains for importing hydrogen,
including the renewable hydrogen.
China is the largest hydrogen producer globally. Hydrogen has been part of
the legal framework of China since the 1990s (Five-Year Plans). Also, hydrogen
is one of the technological areas defined in the China Energy Innovation Action
Plan. Like Japan and South-Korea, China is investing in R&D for the development of downstream hydrogen applications. National and local policies support
the development and deployment of FCEVs and HRSs with ambitious targets.
The power-to-gas technology is a technology identified for addressing the renewable energy penetration challenges. However, there are no target defined for this
specific application.
Taiwan has identified hydrogen as a key element of its green energy plan.
However, the documentation review did not allow retrieving any tangible information regarding its legal framework.
The limitations and challenges of the current policy instruments
The decarbonisation of the industry sectors in the research scope is feasible by
replacing the fossil fuel-based hydrogen by renewable hydrogen. However, renewable hydrogen is not currently cost competitive. Only strong policy instruments
could support reaching the cost parity with fossil fuel-based hydrogen.
There are no policy instruments that incentivize the renewable energy for the
purpose of renewable hydrogen production. The review of the policy frameworks
has shown that generous financial support to produce renewable electricity does
not provide enough incentive to integrate a power-to-gas system. Japan, SouthKorea, and Taiwan are providing substantial financial support for the renewable
energy production. China, where the feed-in tariff policy has stopped with the end
of the last Five-Year Plan, and Australia, using a year-ahead renewable energy
certificates system, may be conducive to the production of renewable hydrogen
as a way to improve the revenue stream of renewable energy project developers.
There are no direct policy instruments supporting the production of renewable
hydrogen. Japan and South-Korea have defined the legal basis for the development
of their hydrogen economy, mostly based on mobility, power, heat, downstream
technology applications and imported hydrogen. Hydrogen is mentioned in the
energy legal framework of China. Taiwan has recognised the importance of hydrogen in the future energy landscape. But none of those legal frameworks provide
the legal ground to produce hydrogen from renewable energy.
Australia has defined the ambitious objective to become a global leader in
the exportation of hydrogen. The Australian National Hydrogen Strategy is not
51
Both strategies put focus on developing supply chains for importing hydrogen,
including the renewable hydrogen.
China is the largest hydrogen producer globally. Hydrogen has been part of
the legal framework of China since the 1990s (Five-Year Plans). Also, hydrogen
is one of the technological areas defined in the China Energy Innovation Action
Plan. Like Japan and South-Korea, China is investing in R&D for the development of downstream hydrogen applications. National and local policies support
the development and deployment of FCEVs and HRSs with ambitious targets.
The power-to-gas technology is a technology identified for addressing the renewable energy penetration challenges. However, there are no target defined for this
specific application.
Taiwan has identified hydrogen as a key element of its green energy plan.
However, the documentation review did not allow retrieving any tangible information regarding its legal framework.
The limitations and challenges of the current policy instruments
The decarbonisation of the industry sectors in the research scope is feasible by
replacing the fossil fuel-based hydrogen by renewable hydrogen. However, renewable hydrogen is not currently cost competitive. Only strong policy instruments
could support reaching the cost parity with fossil fuel-based hydrogen.
There are no policy instruments that incentivize the renewable energy for the
purpose of renewable hydrogen production. The review of the policy frameworks
has shown that generous financial support to produce renewable electricity does
not provide enough incentive to integrate a power-to-gas system. Japan, SouthKorea, and Taiwan are providing substantial financial support for the renewable
energy production. China, where the feed-in tariff policy has stopped with the end
of the last Five-Year Plan, and Australia, using a year-ahead renewable energy
certificates system, may be conducive to the production of renewable hydrogen
as a way to improve the revenue stream of renewable energy project developers.
There are no direct policy instruments supporting the production of renewable
hydrogen. Japan and South-Korea have defined the legal basis for the development
of their hydrogen economy, mostly based on mobility, power, heat, downstream
technology applications and imported hydrogen. Hydrogen is mentioned in the
energy legal framework of China. Taiwan has recognised the importance of hydrogen in the future energy landscape. But none of those legal frameworks provide
the legal ground to produce hydrogen from renewable energy.
Australia has defined the ambitious objective to become a global leader in
the exportation of hydrogen. The Australian National Hydrogen Strategy is not