3.3 Energy Costs
59
consuming customer can make money by using a lot of energy to discharge the
power network [Ge+2015, p. 83; Sc2016, p. 320]. As most producing companies
don’t have the high flexibility required regarding the time period of electricity
consumption, the described case will not be considered any further in this work.
The focus for optimizing the energy costs will be on the optimization of the
used energy amount and the avoidance of high consumption peaks, as far as the
production schedule allows this.
The energy pricing for industrial customers generally distinguishes between
three main price components, the electrical purchase price per kWh, the network
charges and the state regulated components [Gr+2015; Ba+2015, p. 3]. Depending on the size of the organization, companies either obtain their electricity
from energy suppliers or they use energy traders to trade on the power exchange.
For the second case, purchase contracts generally split up into 80% long-term
agreements and 20% spot market purchases [Ba+2015, p. 39].
The purchase price per kilowatt hour (kWh) is always depending on the electricity reference amount, the duration of the electricity use, the voltage level as
well as the utilization of special rules and exceptions. As a general rule, it can be
said that the single kWh is cheaper the higher the reference amount, the voltage
level and the duration of usage are and the lower the consumption peaks turn out
to be [DI2017, p. 8].
The relevant billing interval for electricity costs is 15 minutes, the measured
energy demand is averaged over this time period and results in 96 measured values
for a day [Th2012, p. 24]. As described earlier in this thesis, the power consumption time plays a major role for the energy price. The energy supplier generally
differentiates between base and peak times. Due to higher demands during the
day, suppliers charge higher prices per kilowatt hour and to utilize their networks
during the base times as well, energy consumer pay lower prices during the night
(Figure 3.14) [Th2012, p. 25]. Besides the actual electricity demand, the guaranteed electric grid capacity influences the prices. Here “the highest electrical power
value for a month could be the base of calculation … [but also] cost calculations
which take the three highest values over a whole year into account can be found in
industrial practice” [Th2012, p. 25]. Considering the state regulated components,
the total energy costs sum up to:
exchange located in Leipzig. In some cases, however, even short-term transactions are conducted bilaterally (“over the counter” or OTC) between companies or between companies and
brokers” [VD2007, p. 52].
59
consuming customer can make money by using a lot of energy to discharge the
power network [Ge+2015, p. 83; Sc2016, p. 320]. As most producing companies
don’t have the high flexibility required regarding the time period of electricity
consumption, the described case will not be considered any further in this work.
The focus for optimizing the energy costs will be on the optimization of the
used energy amount and the avoidance of high consumption peaks, as far as the
production schedule allows this.
The energy pricing for industrial customers generally distinguishes between
three main price components, the electrical purchase price per kWh, the network
charges and the state regulated components [Gr+2015; Ba+2015, p. 3]. Depending on the size of the organization, companies either obtain their electricity
from energy suppliers or they use energy traders to trade on the power exchange.
For the second case, purchase contracts generally split up into 80% long-term
agreements and 20% spot market purchases [Ba+2015, p. 39].
The purchase price per kilowatt hour (kWh) is always depending on the electricity reference amount, the duration of the electricity use, the voltage level as
well as the utilization of special rules and exceptions. As a general rule, it can be
said that the single kWh is cheaper the higher the reference amount, the voltage
level and the duration of usage are and the lower the consumption peaks turn out
to be [DI2017, p. 8].
The relevant billing interval for electricity costs is 15 minutes, the measured
energy demand is averaged over this time period and results in 96 measured values
for a day [Th2012, p. 24]. As described earlier in this thesis, the power consumption time plays a major role for the energy price. The energy supplier generally
differentiates between base and peak times. Due to higher demands during the
day, suppliers charge higher prices per kilowatt hour and to utilize their networks
during the base times as well, energy consumer pay lower prices during the night
(Figure 3.14) [Th2012, p. 25]. Besides the actual electricity demand, the guaranteed electric grid capacity influences the prices. Here “the highest electrical power
value for a month could be the base of calculation … [but also] cost calculations
which take the three highest values over a whole year into account can be found in
industrial practice” [Th2012, p. 25]. Considering the state regulated components,
the total energy costs sum up to:
exchange located in Leipzig. In some cases, however, even short-term transactions are conducted bilaterally (“over the counter” or OTC) between companies or between companies and
brokers” [VD2007, p. 52].