Appendix M: X-ray Free Electron Laser Facilities
Table M.1 Current and planned hard X-ray free electron laser facilities
Country
Machine
Beam energy
(GeV)
X-ray energy
(keV)
Rep
rate
First
light
Switzerland SwissFEL (Aramis) 2.1–5.8
1.8–12.4
100 Hz 2017
USA
LCLS
2.5–15
0.25–12.6
120 Hz 2009
USA
LCLS-II SXU
4
0.2–3
1 MHz 2020
USA
LCLS-II HXU
4
1–5
1 MHz 2020
USA
LCLS-II HXU/Cu
3.3–8
1 –25
120
2020
USA
LCLS-II HE
3.3–8
5 –12.8
1 MHz 2028
Korea
PAL-XFEL SX
2.6–3.2
0.28–1.24
60 Hz
2016
Korea
PAL-XFEL HX
4–10
2.1–21
60 Hz
2016
Japan
SACLA
8.5
5.0–20.7
60 Hz
2012
Germany
European XFEL
HXR
8–17.5
3.1–25
27
KHz
2017
Table M.2 Current and planned soft X-ray free electron laser facilities
Country
Machine
Beam energy
(GeV)
X-ray energy
(keV)
Rep
rate
First
light
Switzerland SwissFEL (Athos)
2.5–3.4
0.18–1.8
100 Hz 2019
USA
LCLS-II SXU
4
0.2–3
1 MHz 2020
Korea
PAL-XFEL SX
2.6–3.2
0.28–1.24
60 Hz
2016
Japan
SACLA
8.5
5.0–20.7
60 Hz
2012
Germany
FLASH1
<1.25
0.24–3.0
10 Hz
2012
Germany
FLASH2
<1.25
0.14–3.1
10 Hz
2012
Germany
European XFEL
SXR
8–17.5
0.25–3.1
27
KHz
2017
China
SXFEL
0.8–1.5
0.18–0.6
50
2019
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
S. P. Cramer, X-Ray Spectroscopy with Synchrotron Radiation, Biological and Medical
Physics, Biomedical Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28551-7
351