4.7.1 Hard X-ray Beamline Examples
Hard X-ray beamlines for spectroscopy operate from ~2 to 60 keV (or higher), with
resolutions on the order of 1 eV for garden variety EXAFS to less than 1 meV for
IXS and NRVS, and even ~neV for Mossbauer spectroscopy (Chap. 9)! Silicon is by
far the most popular monochromator material, but for energies below the Si(1 1 1)
cutoff (~2400 eV), Ge, InSb, and YB 66 are used. On the high-energy high-resolution
side, sapphire and quartz are popular, and diamond is used in some high heat load
monochromators. Three different approaches to hard X-ray beamlines are illustrated
in Fig. 4.27.
Fig. 4.27 Hard X-ray beamlines. Top: an X-ray absorption beamline at MAX-IV [144]. Middle: a
beamline for nuclear resonance experiments at SPring-8 [147]. Bottom: a high-resolution inelastic
X-ray scattering beamline at ESRF [146]
100
4 X-ray Optics and Synchrotron Beamlines
Hard X-ray beamlines for spectroscopy operate from ~2 to 60 keV (or higher), with
resolutions on the order of 1 eV for garden variety EXAFS to less than 1 meV for
IXS and NRVS, and even ~neV for Mossbauer spectroscopy (Chap. 9)! Silicon is by
far the most popular monochromator material, but for energies below the Si(1 1 1)
cutoff (~2400 eV), Ge, InSb, and YB 66 are used. On the high-energy high-resolution
side, sapphire and quartz are popular, and diamond is used in some high heat load
monochromators. Three different approaches to hard X-ray beamlines are illustrated
in Fig. 4.27.
Fig. 4.27 Hard X-ray beamlines. Top: an X-ray absorption beamline at MAX-IV [144]. Middle: a
beamline for nuclear resonance experiments at SPring-8 [147]. Bottom: a high-resolution inelastic
X-ray scattering beamline at ESRF [146]
100
4 X-ray Optics and Synchrotron Beamlines