217
Reactions
Alkylation Addition of a saturated hydrocarbon to an
alkene to yield a saturated hydrocarbon
Aminotransferase Transfers the amino group from a
primary amine (NH 2 ) to a ketone or aldehyde. The
enzyme requires pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) as a
cofactor.
Claisen reaction Carbon-carbon bond formation
between two compounds; one of them a enolate anion
and then nucleophilic addition of the enolate anion onto
carbonyl and loss of the leaving group (see . Fig. 9.2c)
Decarboxylation Removal of a CO 2
Dehydrogenases Removal of two hydrogen atoms
from the substrate, passing them to a suitable acceptor
(such as NAD)
Mannich reaction Carbon-carbon aliphatic bond
formation, which involves the combination of an amine,
an aldehyde or ketone, and a nucleophilic carbon (see
. Fig. 9.2d)
Monooxygenases Direct addition of oxygen from
molecular oxygen to the substrate (see . Fig. 9.3)
Nomenclature
(R) or (S) Prefix; the chiral centre in a molecule is
assigned a prefix (R or S), according to whether its
configuration is right- or left-handed
N- Prefix; “N” is used to indicate the group that is
attached to the nitrogen; used for secondary amides
and amines; tertiary amides and amines have two “N” as
prefix
Nor- Prefix to name a structural analogue that is
derived from a parent compound by the removal of one
carbon atom along with the accompanying hydrogen
atoms
Glossary