in reverse micelles, 458
suitable surfactants, 456–461
Solution properties
of A8-35, 170–192
of A8-75, 192
of APols other than A8-35, 192–197
of SAPols, 192
Solvent accessibility of the backbone of OmpX
in A8-35, 286
SoPIP2:1, 282
Sorghum microsomes, 260
SP EM, see Single-particle electron microscopy
Sphingomyelin, 6
Spinning drop tensiometer, 175
SPR, see Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)
SR, see Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
SRCD, see Synchrotron radiation circular dichroism
Stability of APol-trapped MPs, 290
Stabilization of MPs by APols
discussion of mechanisms, 295, 305
Ste24p metalloprotease
3D structure, 21, 22
STEM, see Scanning transmission electron microscopy
Sterols, 6
Stokes radius (R S )
definition, 412
STRA6 receptor
SP cryo-EM reconstruction in A8-35, 569
STRA6 retinol receptor, 280
Stroud, R.A., 120
Stuhrmann plot, 433
Styrene-maleic acid co-polymer (SMA), 134, 249, 252,
260
chemical structure, 158, 164
differences between SMALPs and NDs, 195
FTIR spectrum, 394
inhibition of MP CFE, 368
structure of SMA/lipid assemblies, 194, 195
synthesis, 164
thiolated, 198, 202
UV spectrum, 382
Styrene maleic acid lipid particles (SMALPs), 134,
164, 260
lipid composition, 277, 278
lipid distribution between the two monolayers, 279
lipid exchange between particles, 279
Sucrose gradient rate zonal ultracentrifugation,
411–417
See also Sucrose gradient sedimentation velocity
(SGSV)
Sucrose gradient sedimentation velocity (SGSV), 411
principle, 411
separation of MP/APol complexes from free APol
particles, 413
Sulfonated APols (SAPols), 249, 252, 299
chemical structure, 158, 162
comparison of 2D NMR spectra of tOmpA/SAPol
complexes at 30, 50 and 70
C, 476
insensitivity to multivalent cations, 194
NMR studies of tOmpA/SAPol complexes, 475
SEC analysis, 194
solution properties, 192
synthesis, 162, 203
use for sNMR, 474
Supercomplex B, 565
Supercomplexes, 260, 261
separation by BN-PAGE, 421, 422
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS),
395–397, 401
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR), 258
Surface tension, 2
effect on particle dispersion in cryo-EM SP
studies, 575
Surfactants
definition, 3, 60–62
effect of molecular shape on structures formed
in water, 5
Svedberg equation, 412
Synaptic vesicles, 11
Synchrotron-radiation circular dichroism (SRCD)
of APol-trapped MPs, 391–392
Synuclein, αuse to form NDs, 109
T
Tagged APols, 593
compared properties, 607, 608
overview, 592, 594, 607, 608
Talin
interaction with ND-trapped integrins, 116
Tanford, C., 2, 66, 175
Tate, C.G., 86
Taurocholate, 62
Telomerization (chain transfer), 218–219
TEM, see Transmission electron microscopy
Ternary BR/lipids/APol complexes, 290
Ternary MP/detergent/APol complexes, 252
detergent removal, 255, 312–313
THAM, see Tris(hydroxymethyl)acrylamidomethane
THAM-based non-ionic APols, 165–167
chemical structure, 166
THAM-derived APols
synthesis, 167
Thapsigargin, 48
Thermolysin pore
SP cryo-EM reconstruction in A8-35, 569
Thermostabilizing mutations
effect on MP dynamics, 305
Thon rings, 537
Thylakoid membranes
absence of solubilization by A8-35, 261
solubilization by APol/detergent mixtures, 261
Tight junctions, 6
TM, see Transmembrane
TM aqueous channels, 20
T2 mechanosensitive channel
saposin A-trapped, 126
TOF, see Time-of-flight
Tol and Ton systems
function, 11
Index
707
suitable surfactants, 456–461
Solution properties
of A8-35, 170–192
of A8-75, 192
of APols other than A8-35, 192–197
of SAPols, 192
Solvent accessibility of the backbone of OmpX
in A8-35, 286
SoPIP2:1, 282
Sorghum microsomes, 260
SP EM, see Single-particle electron microscopy
Sphingomyelin, 6
Spinning drop tensiometer, 175
SPR, see Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)
SR, see Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
SRCD, see Synchrotron radiation circular dichroism
Stability of APol-trapped MPs, 290
Stabilization of MPs by APols
discussion of mechanisms, 295, 305
Ste24p metalloprotease
3D structure, 21, 22
STEM, see Scanning transmission electron microscopy
Sterols, 6
Stokes radius (R S )
definition, 412
STRA6 receptor
SP cryo-EM reconstruction in A8-35, 569
STRA6 retinol receptor, 280
Stroud, R.A., 120
Stuhrmann plot, 433
Styrene-maleic acid co-polymer (SMA), 134, 249, 252,
260
chemical structure, 158, 164
differences between SMALPs and NDs, 195
FTIR spectrum, 394
inhibition of MP CFE, 368
structure of SMA/lipid assemblies, 194, 195
synthesis, 164
thiolated, 198, 202
UV spectrum, 382
Styrene maleic acid lipid particles (SMALPs), 134,
164, 260
lipid composition, 277, 278
lipid distribution between the two monolayers, 279
lipid exchange between particles, 279
Sucrose gradient rate zonal ultracentrifugation,
411–417
See also Sucrose gradient sedimentation velocity
(SGSV)
Sucrose gradient sedimentation velocity (SGSV), 411
principle, 411
separation of MP/APol complexes from free APol
particles, 413
Sulfonated APols (SAPols), 249, 252, 299
chemical structure, 158, 162
comparison of 2D NMR spectra of tOmpA/SAPol
complexes at 30, 50 and 70
C, 476
insensitivity to multivalent cations, 194
NMR studies of tOmpA/SAPol complexes, 475
SEC analysis, 194
solution properties, 192
synthesis, 162, 203
use for sNMR, 474
Supercomplex B, 565
Supercomplexes, 260, 261
separation by BN-PAGE, 421, 422
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS),
395–397, 401
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR), 258
Surface tension, 2
effect on particle dispersion in cryo-EM SP
studies, 575
Surfactants
definition, 3, 60–62
effect of molecular shape on structures formed
in water, 5
Svedberg equation, 412
Synaptic vesicles, 11
Synchrotron-radiation circular dichroism (SRCD)
of APol-trapped MPs, 391–392
Synuclein, αuse to form NDs, 109
T
Tagged APols, 593
compared properties, 607, 608
overview, 592, 594, 607, 608
Talin
interaction with ND-trapped integrins, 116
Tanford, C., 2, 66, 175
Tate, C.G., 86
Taurocholate, 62
Telomerization (chain transfer), 218–219
TEM, see Transmission electron microscopy
Ternary BR/lipids/APol complexes, 290
Ternary MP/detergent/APol complexes, 252
detergent removal, 255, 312–313
THAM, see Tris(hydroxymethyl)acrylamidomethane
THAM-based non-ionic APols, 165–167
chemical structure, 166
THAM-derived APols
synthesis, 167
Thapsigargin, 48
Thermolysin pore
SP cryo-EM reconstruction in A8-35, 569
Thermostabilizing mutations
effect on MP dynamics, 305
Thon rings, 537
Thylakoid membranes
absence of solubilization by A8-35, 261
solubilization by APol/detergent mixtures, 261
Tight junctions, 6
TM, see Transmembrane
TM aqueous channels, 20
T2 mechanosensitive channel
saposin A-trapped, 126
TOF, see Time-of-flight
Tol and Ton systems
function, 11
Index
707