BamA
crystallization from bicelles, 104
Band 3, see Anion exchanger
Beltide-2
structure, 127
Bgt, α-, see Bungarotoxin, α- (α-Bgt)
Bicelles, 134
alignment in magnetic fields, 100, 101
composition, 100
definition, 99
doping with paramagnetic ions, 100, 101
formation, 99–103
miscellaneous applications in membrane biology,
104–105
organization, 100
overview, 99–105
phase diagram, 99–103
preparation, 99
temperature/composition diagram of DMPC/diC 6 PC
mixtures, 102
use for MP crystallization, 103–104
uses in MP NMR, 99–103
Bile salts, 62, 134
formation of discoidal mixed micelles, 67
micelle structure, 65
PC/bile salt mixtures, 99
Biodistribution and elimination of APols injected to mice,
674–678
Biological membranes
asymmetry, 7
detergent solubilization, 65–68
fluid mosaic model, 22–25
lipid composition, 7
molecular crowding, 25
transmembrane potential, 8
Biomedical uses of APols
developing vaccination-specific APols, 669–672
drug delivery, 674–678
overview, 660
potential use of APols with pH-adjustable charge in
vaccination, 671
potential uses in vaccine formulation, 669, 670
tagged APols for vaccine formulation, 670
vaccination, 661–672
Biotinylated A8-35
applications, 595 (see also A8-35 derivatives, BAPol)
Biotinylated APols and their applications, 595
Bitopic integral MPs, 15
Blobel, G., 15
Blocky co-polymers, 152
assembly, 192
self-association behavior in aqueous solutions, 170
Blue-Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
(BN-PAGE), 419, 421
BNAPols, see Non-ionic APols, biotinylated
BN-PAGE, see Blue-Native polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis
BO, see Bacterio-opsin (BO)
Bowie, J.U., 104
BR, see Bacteriorhodopsin
Breaking cells open
biochemical consequences, 59
Bungarotoxin, α- (α-Bgt), 37, 289
C
CAC, see Critical association concentration (CAC)
Calabrese, A.N., 654
Calorimetric titration of MP/detergent complexes into
PC-APols, 254
Cannabinoid CB1 receptor, 287
APol-assisted folding, 340, 345
Cardiolipin (CL)
chemical structure, 3
specifically bound to MPs, 26
Cation diffusion facilitator, 277
Catoire, L.J., 465, 633
CCS, see Collisional cross-section
CD, see Circular dichroism
C 8 E 4
chemical structure, 61
CMC, 61
C 12 E 8
chemical structure, 61
CMC, 61
Cell-free expression (CFE), 334, 362
lysates, 363
scheme of continuous feeding set-up, 362
use for labeling proteins, 363
yields, 362
Cell-free expression of MPs
in the absence of surfactant, 363
in APols and other polymers, 365–373
atypical surfactants, 365
commonly used lysates, 363
commonly used surfactants, 363, 365
comparison with in vivo expression, 364
inhibition by A8-35, 367
inhibition by PMAL-B-100, 367
inhibition by SAPols, 367
inhibition by SMA, 367
most favorable detergents, 365
in NAPols, 367
in NVoy, 367
overview, 363–365
possible mechanisms of inhibition by ionic APols, 374
protocol for APol-assisted CFE (Protocol 7.1),
375–376
Cell trafficking, 11
Ceramide, 6
CFE, see Cell-free expression (CFE)
Chae, P.-S., 83
Changeux, J.-P., 37
CHAPS, 62, 82
chemical structure, 61
CMC, 61
micelle structure, 65
Index
691
crystallization from bicelles, 104
Band 3, see Anion exchanger
Beltide-2
structure, 127
Bgt, α-, see Bungarotoxin, α- (α-Bgt)
Bicelles, 134
alignment in magnetic fields, 100, 101
composition, 100
definition, 99
doping with paramagnetic ions, 100, 101
formation, 99–103
miscellaneous applications in membrane biology,
104–105
organization, 100
overview, 99–105
phase diagram, 99–103
preparation, 99
temperature/composition diagram of DMPC/diC 6 PC
mixtures, 102
use for MP crystallization, 103–104
uses in MP NMR, 99–103
Bile salts, 62, 134
formation of discoidal mixed micelles, 67
micelle structure, 65
PC/bile salt mixtures, 99
Biodistribution and elimination of APols injected to mice,
674–678
Biological membranes
asymmetry, 7
detergent solubilization, 65–68
fluid mosaic model, 22–25
lipid composition, 7
molecular crowding, 25
transmembrane potential, 8
Biomedical uses of APols
developing vaccination-specific APols, 669–672
drug delivery, 674–678
overview, 660
potential use of APols with pH-adjustable charge in
vaccination, 671
potential uses in vaccine formulation, 669, 670
tagged APols for vaccine formulation, 670
vaccination, 661–672
Biotinylated A8-35
applications, 595 (see also A8-35 derivatives, BAPol)
Biotinylated APols and their applications, 595
Bitopic integral MPs, 15
Blobel, G., 15
Blocky co-polymers, 152
assembly, 192
self-association behavior in aqueous solutions, 170
Blue-Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
(BN-PAGE), 419, 421
BNAPols, see Non-ionic APols, biotinylated
BN-PAGE, see Blue-Native polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis
BO, see Bacterio-opsin (BO)
Bowie, J.U., 104
BR, see Bacteriorhodopsin
Breaking cells open
biochemical consequences, 59
Bungarotoxin, α- (α-Bgt), 37, 289
C
CAC, see Critical association concentration (CAC)
Calabrese, A.N., 654
Calorimetric titration of MP/detergent complexes into
PC-APols, 254
Cannabinoid CB1 receptor, 287
APol-assisted folding, 340, 345
Cardiolipin (CL)
chemical structure, 3
specifically bound to MPs, 26
Cation diffusion facilitator, 277
Catoire, L.J., 465, 633
CCS, see Collisional cross-section
CD, see Circular dichroism
C 8 E 4
chemical structure, 61
CMC, 61
C 12 E 8
chemical structure, 61
CMC, 61
Cell-free expression (CFE), 334, 362
lysates, 363
scheme of continuous feeding set-up, 362
use for labeling proteins, 363
yields, 362
Cell-free expression of MPs
in the absence of surfactant, 363
in APols and other polymers, 365–373
atypical surfactants, 365
commonly used lysates, 363
commonly used surfactants, 363, 365
comparison with in vivo expression, 364
inhibition by A8-35, 367
inhibition by PMAL-B-100, 367
inhibition by SAPols, 367
inhibition by SMA, 367
most favorable detergents, 365
in NAPols, 367
in NVoy, 367
overview, 363–365
possible mechanisms of inhibition by ionic APols, 374
protocol for APol-assisted CFE (Protocol 7.1),
375–376
Cell trafficking, 11
Ceramide, 6
CFE, see Cell-free expression (CFE)
Chae, P.-S., 83
Changeux, J.-P., 37
CHAPS, 62, 82
chemical structure, 61
CMC, 61
micelle structure, 65
Index
691