GPCRs, 340, 343–345
leukotriene BLT1 receptor, 340, 345
leukotriene BLT2 receptor, 340, 345
OmpA (E. coli) transmembrane domain (tOmpA),
340, 348
OmpA (E. coli, full length), 340, 347–348
OmpT (E. coli), 340, 348, 349
overview, 340
PagP, 340, 348, 349
schematic representation of typical protocols, 341
serotonin 5-HT 4(a) receptor, 340, 345
by urea dilution, 341
Amphipol-assisted folding of OmpA (E. coli, full length)
thermodynamic analysis, 349–350
Amphipol binding by MPs, 274, 275, 283
compared to detergent binding, 274–275
Amphipol binding to membranes, 309
Amphipol derivatives
applications (overview), 198–204
fluorescent, 198
Amphipol/detergent mixed micelles, 298
Amphipol particles
sensitivity to divalent cations, 419, 420
size, shape and organization, 170
Amphipol-mediated immobilization of MPs, 593, 595
protocol for SPR experiments (Protocol 13.1),
617–619
Amphipols (APols)
behavior in the presence of Ca
2+ ions (overview), 193
biotinylated (overview), 198–204
chemical structure and synthesis, 152–169
definition, 152, 157
experimental studies of solution behavior
(overview), 170
experimental studies of solution properties
(overview), 171
functionalized (overview), 198–204
ionic APols, 162–164
labeled (overview), 198–204
light-controlled permeabilization of lipid vesicles, 382
non-ionic APols, 165–169
optical activity, 382
overview, 153, 157
particle size and known or expected sensitivity of
various APols to aggregation at low pH
phosphorylcholine-based APols (PC-APols),
162–163
PMAL series, 163
polyacrylate-based, with carboxylates as their
hydrophilic moieties, 153–161
self-association behavior in aqueous solutions,
169–197
sulfonated APols (SAPols), 162
tagged (overview), 198–204
UV absorption, 381
Amphipol-trapped BLT1 and BLT2 receptors
binding of leukotriene LTB 4 , 289
Amphipol-trapped BR
increased thermostability, 291, 292
Amphipol-trapped GPCRs
folding in A8-35, 289
interaction with arrestin, 289, 346
interaction with G proteins, 289, 346
ligand binding, 289
stability, 292, 305
transfer to nanodiscs, 310, 319–322
transfer to SMALPs, 310
Amphipol-trapped leukotriene BLT1 receptor
stabilization by lipids, 296
Amphipol-trapped MPs
CD and SRCD, 391–392
chemical cross-linking, 421
effect of lipids on stability, 293
fluorescence quenching by FAPol fluo , 397, 399
fluorescence spectroscopy, 397–400
FRET with FAPol fluo , 397, 399
functionality, 286
infra-red and Raman spectroscopy, 394–397
mechanisms of stabilization, 295, 305
optical spectroscopy, 382
overview of optical spectroscopy studies, 390
stabilization, 290
stabilization by SMA, 295
topological and conformational studies using labeled
APols, 401
Amphipol-trapped supercomplexes
separation by BN-PAGE, 421, 422
Amphipol-trapped TM peptides
uptake by cells in culture, 673
Amyloid precursor protein
in bicelles, 99
Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), 423
of MP/APol complexes, 440–443
Anfinsen, C.B., 336
Anfinsen’s principle, 335, 336
Anion exchanger (Band 3), 12
function, 11
Anionic polymerization, 220
APG, see Hydrophobically grafted poly-γ-glutamic acid
ApoA-I, see Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I)
Apolipophorins
use to form NDs, 109
Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), 105
Apomyoglobin
use to form NDs, 109
Aquaporin (AQP0)
bound lipids, 28
plant, 282
AR, β 2 -, see Adrenergic receptor, β 2 - (β 2 AR)
Arabidopsis thaliana
LHCII complexes, 416
Archaebacteria
lipids, 6
Arrestin, 86, 287, 289
interaction with ND-trapped monomeric
rhodopsin, 116
Arseniev, A.S., 117
Ashcroft, A.E., 636, 654
Index
689
leukotriene BLT1 receptor, 340, 345
leukotriene BLT2 receptor, 340, 345
OmpA (E. coli) transmembrane domain (tOmpA),
340, 348
OmpA (E. coli, full length), 340, 347–348
OmpT (E. coli), 340, 348, 349
overview, 340
PagP, 340, 348, 349
schematic representation of typical protocols, 341
serotonin 5-HT 4(a) receptor, 340, 345
by urea dilution, 341
Amphipol-assisted folding of OmpA (E. coli, full length)
thermodynamic analysis, 349–350
Amphipol binding by MPs, 274, 275, 283
compared to detergent binding, 274–275
Amphipol binding to membranes, 309
Amphipol derivatives
applications (overview), 198–204
fluorescent, 198
Amphipol/detergent mixed micelles, 298
Amphipol particles
sensitivity to divalent cations, 419, 420
size, shape and organization, 170
Amphipol-mediated immobilization of MPs, 593, 595
protocol for SPR experiments (Protocol 13.1),
617–619
Amphipols (APols)
behavior in the presence of Ca
2+ ions (overview), 193
biotinylated (overview), 198–204
chemical structure and synthesis, 152–169
definition, 152, 157
experimental studies of solution behavior
(overview), 170
experimental studies of solution properties
(overview), 171
functionalized (overview), 198–204
ionic APols, 162–164
labeled (overview), 198–204
light-controlled permeabilization of lipid vesicles, 382
non-ionic APols, 165–169
optical activity, 382
overview, 153, 157
particle size and known or expected sensitivity of
various APols to aggregation at low pH
phosphorylcholine-based APols (PC-APols),
162–163
PMAL series, 163
polyacrylate-based, with carboxylates as their
hydrophilic moieties, 153–161
self-association behavior in aqueous solutions,
169–197
sulfonated APols (SAPols), 162
tagged (overview), 198–204
UV absorption, 381
Amphipol-trapped BLT1 and BLT2 receptors
binding of leukotriene LTB 4 , 289
Amphipol-trapped BR
increased thermostability, 291, 292
Amphipol-trapped GPCRs
folding in A8-35, 289
interaction with arrestin, 289, 346
interaction with G proteins, 289, 346
ligand binding, 289
stability, 292, 305
transfer to nanodiscs, 310, 319–322
transfer to SMALPs, 310
Amphipol-trapped leukotriene BLT1 receptor
stabilization by lipids, 296
Amphipol-trapped MPs
CD and SRCD, 391–392
chemical cross-linking, 421
effect of lipids on stability, 293
fluorescence quenching by FAPol fluo , 397, 399
fluorescence spectroscopy, 397–400
FRET with FAPol fluo , 397, 399
functionality, 286
infra-red and Raman spectroscopy, 394–397
mechanisms of stabilization, 295, 305
optical spectroscopy, 382
overview of optical spectroscopy studies, 390
stabilization, 290
stabilization by SMA, 295
topological and conformational studies using labeled
APols, 401
Amphipol-trapped supercomplexes
separation by BN-PAGE, 421, 422
Amphipol-trapped TM peptides
uptake by cells in culture, 673
Amyloid precursor protein
in bicelles, 99
Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), 423
of MP/APol complexes, 440–443
Anfinsen, C.B., 336
Anfinsen’s principle, 335, 336
Anion exchanger (Band 3), 12
function, 11
Anionic polymerization, 220
APG, see Hydrophobically grafted poly-γ-glutamic acid
ApoA-I, see Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I)
Apolipophorins
use to form NDs, 109
Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), 105
Apomyoglobin
use to form NDs, 109
Aquaporin (AQP0)
bound lipids, 28
plant, 282
AR, β 2 -, see Adrenergic receptor, β 2 - (β 2 AR)
Arabidopsis thaliana
LHCII complexes, 416
Archaebacteria
lipids, 6
Arrestin, 86, 287, 289
interaction with ND-trapped monomeric
rhodopsin, 116
Arseniev, A.S., 117
Ashcroft, A.E., 636, 654
Index
689