Table 13.1 An overview of studies involving the use of tagged amphipols.
Study Tag
Amphipol
(short name
of derivative) Synthesis Comments
References
13.1
Biotin
A8-35
(BAPol or
BA8-35)
●
Describes the synthesis and characterization of a biotinylated version of A8-35
(BA8-35) and its use to immobilize MPs
onto chips or beads and follow the binding
of ligands (antibodies, a toxin, and a small
ligand) by SPR and fluorescence microscopy (§ 13.2.1)
Charvolin
et al. (2009)
13.2
Gold electrodes are selectively functionalized by electropolymerization of
biotin-doped polypyrrole and treated with
tetravalent (strept)avidin. BA8-35 is used
to anchor MPs onto selected electrodes and
the selective binding of anti-MP antibodies
to immobilized MPs demonstrated by
fluorescence microscopy (§ 13.2.2)
Della Pia
et al. (2014a)
13.3
BA8-35 is used to immobilize target MPs
to streptavidin-coated plates in order to
select bacteriophages exposing soluble
protein binders (§ 13.2.3)
Ferrandez
et al. (2014)
13.4
Visualization of the distribution of APol
bound to a MP complex by binding
monovalent streptavidin to BA8-35
(§ 13.4)
Perry et al.
(2018)
13.5
Biotin
PC-APol
(B-PCAPol)
●
A biotinylated phosphorylcholine-based
APol is used to immobilize a bacterial
outer membrane protein onto SPR chips
and analyze its interactions with a
bacteriophage tail protein (§ 13.2.1)
Basit et al.
(2012)
13.6
Biotin
Glucosylated
NAPol
(BNAPol)
●
BNAPol is used to immobilize target MPs
to streptavidin-coated plates in order to
select bacteriophages exposing soluble
protein binders (§ 13.2.3)
Ferrandez
et al. (2014)
13.7
Polyhistidine
A8-35
(HistAPol)
●
Synthesis of an APol bearing hexahistidine
tags and validation of its use for reversibly
immobilizing MPs onto Ni
2+ :NTA-bearing
chips or beads (§ 13.3.1)
Giusti et al.
(2015)
13.8
Imidazole moieties
A8-35
(ImidAPol)
●
Synthesis of an APol-bearing distributed
imidazole moieties and demonstration of
its use for reversibly immobilize MPs onto
Ni
2+ :NTA-bearing supports (§ 13.3.2)
Unpublished
data cited in
Le Bon et al.
(2014b)
13.9
Oligodeoxynucleotide A8-35
(OligAPol)
●
Synthesis of an oligodeoxynucleotide
(ODN)-bearing APol and its use to target
MPs to specific spots on chips. (§ 13.3.3).
The ODN chosen can also be used as an
adjuvant in vaccine formulations using
APol-stabilized MPs (see Chap. 15,
§ 15.2.3)
Le Bon et al.
(2014a)
13.10
Cysteamine
SMA
(SMA-SH)
●
Cysteamine was grafted onto SMA
carboxylates via its amine function.
The thiol group was used for derivatization
with Alexa Fluor 488 or biotin. No
immobi-lization studies have been
described yet
Lindhoud
et al. (2016)
13.11
Thiomorpholine
A8-35
(SulfidAPol)
●
Synthesis of a thiomorpholine-bearing
APol and its use for immobilizing MPs
onto gold surfaces, e.g. for surface plasmon
resonance or surface-enhanced resonance
spectroscopy (cf. Chap. 8) (§ 13.3.4).
SulfidAPol can potentially be used to
attach gold beads to APol belts for EM
applications (§ 13.4)
Unpublished
data
594
13 Amphipol-Mediated Immobilization of Membrane Proteins and Its Applications
Study Tag
Amphipol
(short name
of derivative) Synthesis Comments
References
13.1
Biotin
A8-35
(BAPol or
BA8-35)
●
Describes the synthesis and characterization of a biotinylated version of A8-35
(BA8-35) and its use to immobilize MPs
onto chips or beads and follow the binding
of ligands (antibodies, a toxin, and a small
ligand) by SPR and fluorescence microscopy (§ 13.2.1)
Charvolin
et al. (2009)
13.2
Gold electrodes are selectively functionalized by electropolymerization of
biotin-doped polypyrrole and treated with
tetravalent (strept)avidin. BA8-35 is used
to anchor MPs onto selected electrodes and
the selective binding of anti-MP antibodies
to immobilized MPs demonstrated by
fluorescence microscopy (§ 13.2.2)
Della Pia
et al. (2014a)
13.3
BA8-35 is used to immobilize target MPs
to streptavidin-coated plates in order to
select bacteriophages exposing soluble
protein binders (§ 13.2.3)
Ferrandez
et al. (2014)
13.4
Visualization of the distribution of APol
bound to a MP complex by binding
monovalent streptavidin to BA8-35
(§ 13.4)
Perry et al.
(2018)
13.5
Biotin
PC-APol
(B-PCAPol)
●
A biotinylated phosphorylcholine-based
APol is used to immobilize a bacterial
outer membrane protein onto SPR chips
and analyze its interactions with a
bacteriophage tail protein (§ 13.2.1)
Basit et al.
(2012)
13.6
Biotin
Glucosylated
NAPol
(BNAPol)
●
BNAPol is used to immobilize target MPs
to streptavidin-coated plates in order to
select bacteriophages exposing soluble
protein binders (§ 13.2.3)
Ferrandez
et al. (2014)
13.7
Polyhistidine
A8-35
(HistAPol)
●
Synthesis of an APol bearing hexahistidine
tags and validation of its use for reversibly
immobilizing MPs onto Ni
2+ :NTA-bearing
chips or beads (§ 13.3.1)
Giusti et al.
(2015)
13.8
Imidazole moieties
A8-35
(ImidAPol)
●
Synthesis of an APol-bearing distributed
imidazole moieties and demonstration of
its use for reversibly immobilize MPs onto
Ni
2+ :NTA-bearing supports (§ 13.3.2)
Unpublished
data cited in
Le Bon et al.
(2014b)
13.9
Oligodeoxynucleotide A8-35
(OligAPol)
●
Synthesis of an oligodeoxynucleotide
(ODN)-bearing APol and its use to target
MPs to specific spots on chips. (§ 13.3.3).
The ODN chosen can also be used as an
adjuvant in vaccine formulations using
APol-stabilized MPs (see Chap. 15,
§ 15.2.3)
Le Bon et al.
(2014a)
13.10
Cysteamine
SMA
(SMA-SH)
●
Cysteamine was grafted onto SMA
carboxylates via its amine function.
The thiol group was used for derivatization
with Alexa Fluor 488 or biotin. No
immobi-lization studies have been
described yet
Lindhoud
et al. (2016)
13.11
Thiomorpholine
A8-35
(SulfidAPol)
●
Synthesis of a thiomorpholine-bearing
APol and its use for immobilizing MPs
onto gold surfaces, e.g. for surface plasmon
resonance or surface-enhanced resonance
spectroscopy (cf. Chap. 8) (§ 13.3.4).
SulfidAPol can potentially be used to
attach gold beads to APol belts for EM
applications (§ 13.4)
Unpublished
data
594
13 Amphipol-Mediated Immobilization of Membrane Proteins and Its Applications