under magnetic field H1. Duration of the pulse is obtained from equation γ H1t ¼
π
2
to rotate spin 90 degree and duration of the pulse is obtained from equation
γ H1t ¼ π. Processes of spin-lattice relaxation and spin-spin relaxation are shown
in Fig. 3.15.
3.7 Fluorescence Method
Fluorescence is widely used in fluorescence antibody technique in biological science
field. Antibody is labeled with fluorescence dye and the labeled antibody binds
antigen specifically, and so localization of the molecule can be observed by fluorescence microscope. GFP(Green Fluorescent Protein) gene is cloned from Aequorea
aequorea by Dr. Osamu Shimomura. The GFP gene is fused with specific gene and
expression of the protein and localization can be observed by fluorescence microscope. Fluorescence dye is excited by excitation light, and so its emission can be
observed at high sensitivity. Now it becomes possible to observe one molecule of
fluorescence dye by reducing back ground light.
Beddriving
system
Superconducting magnet
Coil for radiowave
Coil for magnetic field gradient
Superconducting magnet
Coil for magnetic field gradient
Coil for radiowave
Amplifier for
magnetic field gradient
Radiowave detector
AD convertor
Computer for
RF pulse and
magnetic field
gradient
Radiowave
generator
Radiowave
amplifier
Fig. 3.14 Schematic illustration of MRI
Human body on driving bed is located among superconducting magnet and various coils. Information from various positions in the body are detected as T1 and T2 signals for construction of threedimensional image
44
3 Methods for Physical Properties of Biomembranes and Cells
π
2
to rotate spin 90 degree and duration of the pulse is obtained from equation
γ H1t ¼ π. Processes of spin-lattice relaxation and spin-spin relaxation are shown
in Fig. 3.15.
3.7 Fluorescence Method
Fluorescence is widely used in fluorescence antibody technique in biological science
field. Antibody is labeled with fluorescence dye and the labeled antibody binds
antigen specifically, and so localization of the molecule can be observed by fluorescence microscope. GFP(Green Fluorescent Protein) gene is cloned from Aequorea
aequorea by Dr. Osamu Shimomura. The GFP gene is fused with specific gene and
expression of the protein and localization can be observed by fluorescence microscope. Fluorescence dye is excited by excitation light, and so its emission can be
observed at high sensitivity. Now it becomes possible to observe one molecule of
fluorescence dye by reducing back ground light.
Beddriving
system
Superconducting magnet
Coil for radiowave
Coil for magnetic field gradient
Superconducting magnet
Coil for magnetic field gradient
Coil for radiowave
Amplifier for
magnetic field gradient
Radiowave detector
AD convertor
Computer for
RF pulse and
magnetic field
gradient
Radiowave
generator
Radiowave
amplifier
Fig. 3.14 Schematic illustration of MRI
Human body on driving bed is located among superconducting magnet and various coils. Information from various positions in the body are detected as T1 and T2 signals for construction of threedimensional image
44
3 Methods for Physical Properties of Biomembranes and Cells