Space between inner membranes of mitochondria
Complex I
Complex III
Complex IV
Complex II
FMNЍFeS
UQЍCytbЍFeSЍCytc1
Cytc
CytaЍCu2+ЍCyta3
ATP
ADP+Pi
EneH +
H +
H +
H +
NADH+H + +H +
NAD +
Fumric acid
H +
Inner membrane
Mitochondria matrix
Succinic acid
ATP synthase
Fig. 1.7 Electron transport system in mitochondria
Energy generated by redox potential (NADH+H
+ +2e
- , E’ 0 ¼–0.315V) is used for transportation of
protons from matrix side to space between inner membrane. And electrochemical potential caused
by gradient of protons results in synthesis of ATP in ATP synthase
Hydrogen
H 2
Oxygen
O 2
Sun
Water H 2 0
Oxygen
O 2
Solar
battery
Hydrogen
H 2
Fuel battery
C – (H 2 O)
2NADPH
3ATP
O2
O2
CO2
2H2O
2H2O
Solar energy
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Water H 2 0
Calvin cycle
Kreb's cycle
Photosynthetic system
Electron
transport
system
NADH
ATP
Electrolysis of water by solar energy
generates hydrogen and oxygen
Energy generated by oxidation of hydrogen
is converted toelectric energy
Fig. 1.8 Coupling between flora and fauna similar to electrolysis of water molecules and solar
battery
10
1 Physics in the Origin of Life