5. Dutta J, Dutta PK, Rinki K et al (2008) Current research on chitin and chitosan for tissue
engineering applications and future demands on bioproducts. In: Jayakumar R, Prabaharan M
(eds) Current research and developments on chitin and chitosan in biomaterials science.
Research Signpost, Trivandrum
6. Tangpasuthadol V, Pongchaisirikul N, Hoven VP (2003) Surface modification of chitosan
films. Effects of hydrophobicity on protein adsorption. Carbohydr Res 338:937–942
7. Zhang J, Xia W, Liu P et al (2010) Chitosan modigfications and pharmaceutical/biomedical
applications. Mar Drugs 8:1962–1987
8. Khor E, Lim LY (2003) Implantable applications of chitin and chitosan. Biomaterials
24:2339–2349
9. Riva R, Ragelle H, Rieux AD et al (2011) Chitosan and chitosan derivatives in drug delivery
and tissue engineering. Adv Polym Sci 244:19–44
10. Malafaya PB, Silva GA, Reis RL (2007) Natural-origin polymers as carriers and scaffolds for
biomolecules and cell delivery in tissue engineering applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev
59:207–233
11. Alves NM, Mano JF (2008) Chitosan derivatives obtained by chemical modifications for
biomedical and environmental applications. Int J Biologic Macromol 43:401–414
12. Liu X, Ma L, Mao Z et al (2011) Chitosan-based biomaterials for tissue repair and regeneration. Adv Polym Sci 244:81–128
13. Dutta PK, Dutta J, Tripathi VS (2004) Chitin and chitosan: chemistry, properties and
applications. J Sci Ind Res 63:20–31
14. Pillai CKS, Paul W, Sharma CP (2009) Chitin and chitosan: chemistry, solubility, and fiber
formation. Prog Polym Sci 34:641–678
15. Guibal E (2005) Heterogeneous catalysis on chitosan-based materials: a review. Prog Polym
Sci 30:71–109
16. Franco LO, Thayza CM, Newton P et al (2005) Cunningamella elegans (IFM 46109) como
fonte de quitina e quitosana. Rev Anal 4:40–44
17. Muzzarelli RAA (1990) Encyclopedia of polymer science and engineering, 3rd edn. Wiley,
New York, p 430
18. George TS, Guru KSS, Sankaranarayanan N et al (2011) Extraction, purification and characterization of chitosan from endophytic fungi isolated from medical plants. World J Sci
Technol 1:43–48
19. Synowiecki J, Al-Khateeb NA (2003) Production, properties and some new applications of
chitin and its derivatives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 43:145–171
20. Shepherd R, Reader S, Falshaw A (1997) Chitosan functional properties. Glycoconj J
14:535–542
21. Rasmussen RS, Morrissey MT (2007) Chitin and chitosan. In: Shahidi F, Barrow C (eds)
Marine nutraceuticals and functional foods. CRC Press, New York
22. Shahidi F, Arachchi JKV, Jeon YJ (1999) Food applications of chitin and chitosan. Trend
Food Sci Technol 10:37–51
23. Islam MM, Masum SM, Mahbub KR et al (2011) Antibacterial activity of crab-chitosan
against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. J Adv Scient Res 2:63–66
24. Dutta PK, Dutta J, Chattopadhyaya MC et al (2004) Chitin and Chitosan: novel biomaterials
waiting for future development. J Polym Mater 21:321–333.
25. Kumirska J, Weinhold MX, Tho ¨ming J et al (2011) Biomedical activity of chitin/chitosan
based materials-influence of physicochemical properties apart from molecular weight and
degree of N-acetylation. Polymers 3:1875–1901
26. Limam Z, Selmi S, Sadok S et al (2011) Extraction of chitin and chitosan from crustacean byproducts: Biological and physicochemical properties. Afr J Biotechnol 10:640–647
27. Toan NV (2009) Production of chitin and chitosan from partially autolyzed shrimp shell.
Open Biomater J 1:21–24
28. Lertsutthiwong P, How NC, Chandrkrachang S et al (2002) Effect of chemical treatment on
the characteristics of shrimp chitosan. J Met Mater Miner 12:11–18
124
J. Dutta
engineering applications and future demands on bioproducts. In: Jayakumar R, Prabaharan M
(eds) Current research and developments on chitin and chitosan in biomaterials science.
Research Signpost, Trivandrum
6. Tangpasuthadol V, Pongchaisirikul N, Hoven VP (2003) Surface modification of chitosan
films. Effects of hydrophobicity on protein adsorption. Carbohydr Res 338:937–942
7. Zhang J, Xia W, Liu P et al (2010) Chitosan modigfications and pharmaceutical/biomedical
applications. Mar Drugs 8:1962–1987
8. Khor E, Lim LY (2003) Implantable applications of chitin and chitosan. Biomaterials
24:2339–2349
9. Riva R, Ragelle H, Rieux AD et al (2011) Chitosan and chitosan derivatives in drug delivery
and tissue engineering. Adv Polym Sci 244:19–44
10. Malafaya PB, Silva GA, Reis RL (2007) Natural-origin polymers as carriers and scaffolds for
biomolecules and cell delivery in tissue engineering applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev
59:207–233
11. Alves NM, Mano JF (2008) Chitosan derivatives obtained by chemical modifications for
biomedical and environmental applications. Int J Biologic Macromol 43:401–414
12. Liu X, Ma L, Mao Z et al (2011) Chitosan-based biomaterials for tissue repair and regeneration. Adv Polym Sci 244:81–128
13. Dutta PK, Dutta J, Tripathi VS (2004) Chitin and chitosan: chemistry, properties and
applications. J Sci Ind Res 63:20–31
14. Pillai CKS, Paul W, Sharma CP (2009) Chitin and chitosan: chemistry, solubility, and fiber
formation. Prog Polym Sci 34:641–678
15. Guibal E (2005) Heterogeneous catalysis on chitosan-based materials: a review. Prog Polym
Sci 30:71–109
16. Franco LO, Thayza CM, Newton P et al (2005) Cunningamella elegans (IFM 46109) como
fonte de quitina e quitosana. Rev Anal 4:40–44
17. Muzzarelli RAA (1990) Encyclopedia of polymer science and engineering, 3rd edn. Wiley,
New York, p 430
18. George TS, Guru KSS, Sankaranarayanan N et al (2011) Extraction, purification and characterization of chitosan from endophytic fungi isolated from medical plants. World J Sci
Technol 1:43–48
19. Synowiecki J, Al-Khateeb NA (2003) Production, properties and some new applications of
chitin and its derivatives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 43:145–171
20. Shepherd R, Reader S, Falshaw A (1997) Chitosan functional properties. Glycoconj J
14:535–542
21. Rasmussen RS, Morrissey MT (2007) Chitin and chitosan. In: Shahidi F, Barrow C (eds)
Marine nutraceuticals and functional foods. CRC Press, New York
22. Shahidi F, Arachchi JKV, Jeon YJ (1999) Food applications of chitin and chitosan. Trend
Food Sci Technol 10:37–51
23. Islam MM, Masum SM, Mahbub KR et al (2011) Antibacterial activity of crab-chitosan
against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. J Adv Scient Res 2:63–66
24. Dutta PK, Dutta J, Chattopadhyaya MC et al (2004) Chitin and Chitosan: novel biomaterials
waiting for future development. J Polym Mater 21:321–333.
25. Kumirska J, Weinhold MX, Tho ¨ming J et al (2011) Biomedical activity of chitin/chitosan
based materials-influence of physicochemical properties apart from molecular weight and
degree of N-acetylation. Polymers 3:1875–1901
26. Limam Z, Selmi S, Sadok S et al (2011) Extraction of chitin and chitosan from crustacean byproducts: Biological and physicochemical properties. Afr J Biotechnol 10:640–647
27. Toan NV (2009) Production of chitin and chitosan from partially autolyzed shrimp shell.
Open Biomater J 1:21–24
28. Lertsutthiwong P, How NC, Chandrkrachang S et al (2002) Effect of chemical treatment on
the characteristics of shrimp chitosan. J Met Mater Miner 12:11–18
124
J. Dutta