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142. Hirsch A, Chen Z, Jiao H (2000) Spherical aromaticity in I h symmetrical fullerenes: The
2 (N+1)
2 rules. Angew Chem Int Ed 39(21):3915–3917
143. Bergeron DE, Castleman AW Jr, Morisato T, Khanna SN (2004) Formation of Al13I
À :
evidence for the superhalogen character of Al 13 . Science 304:84–87
144. Bergeron DE, Roach PJ, Castleman AW Jr, Jones NO, Khanna SN (2005) Al cluster
superatoms as halogens in polyhalides and as alkaline earths in iodide salts. Science
307:231–235
145. Reveles JU, Khanna SN, Roach PJ, Castleman AW Jr (2006) Multiple valence superatoms.
PNAS 103(49):18405–18410
146. Zhang C, Macfarlane RJ, Young KL, Choi CHJ, Hao L, Auyeung E, Liu G, Zhou X, Mirkin CA
(2013) A general approach to DNA-programmable atom equivalents. Nat Mater. doi:10.1038/
NMAT3647
147. Tabakovic I, Miller LL, Duan RG, Tully DC, Tomalia DA (1997) Dendrimers peripherally
modified with anion radicals that form Pi-dimers and Pi-stacks. Chem Mater 9:736–745
148. Tomalia DA (1997) Nanoscopic modules for the construction of higher ordered complexity.
In: Michl J (ed) Modular chemistry: proceedings of the NATO advanced research workshop
on modular chemistry. Kluwer, The Netherlands, pp 183–191
149. Ball P (2005) A new kind of alchemy. New Scientist 2495:30
150. Heilbronner E, Dunitz JD (1993) Reflections on symmetry. Wiley-VCH, New York, p 40
151. Rosen BM, Wilson DA, Wilson CJ, Peterca M, Won BC, Huang C, Lipski LR, Zeng X,
Ungar G, Heiney PA, Percec V (2009) Predicting the structure of supramolecular dendrimers
via the analysis of libraries of AB 3 and constitutional isomeric AB 2 biphenylpropyl ether selfassembling dendrons. J Am Chem Soc 131:17500–17521
152. Schmid G, Meyer-Zaika W, Pugin R, Sawitowski T, Majoral J-P, Caminade A-M, Turrin C-O
(2000) Naked Au 55 clusters: dramatic effect of a thiol-terminated dendrimer. Chem Eur J
6(9):1693–1697
153. Schmid G (2004) Nanoparticles. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
154. Thomas PJ, Kulkarni GU, Rao CNR (2001) Magic nuclearity giant clusters of metal
nanocrystals formed by mesoscale self-assembly. J Phys Chem B 105:2515–2517
155. Schmid G (1990) Clusters and colloids: bridges between molecular and condensed material.
Endeavour 14(4):172–178
156. Rao CNR (1994) Chemical approaches to the synthesis of inorganic materials. Wiley Eastern,
New Delhi
157. Vargaftik MN, Moiseev II, Kochubey DI, Zamaraev KI (1991) Giant palladium clusters:
synthesis and characterization. Faraday Discuss 92:13–29
158. Teranishi T, Hori H, Miyake M (1997) ESR study on palladium nanoparticles. J Phys Chem
B101:5774–5776
159. Schmid G, Harms M, Malm J-O, Bovin J-O, van Ruitenbeck J, Zanbergen HW, Fu WT
(1993) Ligand-stabilized giant palladium clusters:promising candidates in heterogeneous
catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 115:2046–2048
160. Wilcoxon JP, Martin JE, Provencio P (2000) Size distribution of gold nanoclusters studied by
liquid chromatography. Langmuir 16(25):9912–9920
161. Jackson JL, Chanzy HD, Booy FP, Drake BJ, Tomalia DA, Bauer BJ, Amis EJ (1998)
Visualization of dendrimer molecules by transmission electron microscopy (TEM): staining
methods and cryo-TEM of vitrified solutions. Macromolecules 31:6259–6265
162. Tomalia DA, Baker H, Dewald J, Hall M, Kallos G, Martin S, Roeck J, Ryder J, Smith P
(1986) Dendritic macromolecules: synthesis of starburst dendrimers. Macromolecules
19:2466–2468
Twenty-First Century Polymer Science After Staudinger: The Emergence of. . .
387
nanoscience. In: Abstracts American Physical Society March meeting 2012, no
W34.00001. http://meetings.aps.org/link/BAPS.2012.MAR.W34.1
141. Kemsley J (2013) Developing superatom science. Chem Eng News 2013:24–25
142. Hirsch A, Chen Z, Jiao H (2000) Spherical aromaticity in I h symmetrical fullerenes: The
2 (N+1)
2 rules. Angew Chem Int Ed 39(21):3915–3917
143. Bergeron DE, Castleman AW Jr, Morisato T, Khanna SN (2004) Formation of Al13I
À :
evidence for the superhalogen character of Al 13 . Science 304:84–87
144. Bergeron DE, Roach PJ, Castleman AW Jr, Jones NO, Khanna SN (2005) Al cluster
superatoms as halogens in polyhalides and as alkaline earths in iodide salts. Science
307:231–235
145. Reveles JU, Khanna SN, Roach PJ, Castleman AW Jr (2006) Multiple valence superatoms.
PNAS 103(49):18405–18410
146. Zhang C, Macfarlane RJ, Young KL, Choi CHJ, Hao L, Auyeung E, Liu G, Zhou X, Mirkin CA
(2013) A general approach to DNA-programmable atom equivalents. Nat Mater. doi:10.1038/
NMAT3647
147. Tabakovic I, Miller LL, Duan RG, Tully DC, Tomalia DA (1997) Dendrimers peripherally
modified with anion radicals that form Pi-dimers and Pi-stacks. Chem Mater 9:736–745
148. Tomalia DA (1997) Nanoscopic modules for the construction of higher ordered complexity.
In: Michl J (ed) Modular chemistry: proceedings of the NATO advanced research workshop
on modular chemistry. Kluwer, The Netherlands, pp 183–191
149. Ball P (2005) A new kind of alchemy. New Scientist 2495:30
150. Heilbronner E, Dunitz JD (1993) Reflections on symmetry. Wiley-VCH, New York, p 40
151. Rosen BM, Wilson DA, Wilson CJ, Peterca M, Won BC, Huang C, Lipski LR, Zeng X,
Ungar G, Heiney PA, Percec V (2009) Predicting the structure of supramolecular dendrimers
via the analysis of libraries of AB 3 and constitutional isomeric AB 2 biphenylpropyl ether selfassembling dendrons. J Am Chem Soc 131:17500–17521
152. Schmid G, Meyer-Zaika W, Pugin R, Sawitowski T, Majoral J-P, Caminade A-M, Turrin C-O
(2000) Naked Au 55 clusters: dramatic effect of a thiol-terminated dendrimer. Chem Eur J
6(9):1693–1697
153. Schmid G (2004) Nanoparticles. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
154. Thomas PJ, Kulkarni GU, Rao CNR (2001) Magic nuclearity giant clusters of metal
nanocrystals formed by mesoscale self-assembly. J Phys Chem B 105:2515–2517
155. Schmid G (1990) Clusters and colloids: bridges between molecular and condensed material.
Endeavour 14(4):172–178
156. Rao CNR (1994) Chemical approaches to the synthesis of inorganic materials. Wiley Eastern,
New Delhi
157. Vargaftik MN, Moiseev II, Kochubey DI, Zamaraev KI (1991) Giant palladium clusters:
synthesis and characterization. Faraday Discuss 92:13–29
158. Teranishi T, Hori H, Miyake M (1997) ESR study on palladium nanoparticles. J Phys Chem
B101:5774–5776
159. Schmid G, Harms M, Malm J-O, Bovin J-O, van Ruitenbeck J, Zanbergen HW, Fu WT
(1993) Ligand-stabilized giant palladium clusters:promising candidates in heterogeneous
catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 115:2046–2048
160. Wilcoxon JP, Martin JE, Provencio P (2000) Size distribution of gold nanoclusters studied by
liquid chromatography. Langmuir 16(25):9912–9920
161. Jackson JL, Chanzy HD, Booy FP, Drake BJ, Tomalia DA, Bauer BJ, Amis EJ (1998)
Visualization of dendrimer molecules by transmission electron microscopy (TEM): staining
methods and cryo-TEM of vitrified solutions. Macromolecules 31:6259–6265
162. Tomalia DA, Baker H, Dewald J, Hall M, Kallos G, Martin S, Roeck J, Ryder J, Smith P
(1986) Dendritic macromolecules: synthesis of starburst dendrimers. Macromolecules
19:2466–2468
Twenty-First Century Polymer Science After Staudinger: The Emergence of. . .
387