saturated outer monomer shells are compared heuristically to the respective atomic
element noble gases.
In a similar fashion, as illustrated in Fig. 21, dendrimers possessing an unfilled
outer monomer shell are found to be very autoreactive and combine to form dimers,
etc. reminiscent of halogens (or more specifically chlorine). As such, it should be
apparent that the G ¼ 2 dendrimer possessing an unsaturated outer monomer shell
behaves as a superatom analogue of chlorine. This dendrimer species, possessing an
unsaturated monomer shell penultimate to the saturated ideal dendrimer structure,
may proceed to form a dimeric nanocompound (i.e., megamer) by interdendrimer
reactions or simply by combining intramolecularly to produce a macrocyclic site. In
contrast, so-called ideal dendrimers in the far right column are heuristically analogous to atomic-level inert gas configurations. These ideal, outer-shell-saturated
dendrimers possess saturated outer shell level monomer values commensurate with
mathematically defined shell saturation values, as described earlier (Fig. 11).
These saturated outer monomer shell dendrimers are not autoreactive with each
other or reagents possessing common surface functionality (i.e., either nucleophilic
or electrophilic moieties, respectively). In summary, as illustrated in Fig. 22, this
outer shell autoreactivity has been observed not only with atomic elements but also
Metals
Metals
Semi-Metals
Semi-Metals
Non-Metals
Non-Metals
(Electrons)
Noble Gases
Filled Shells
Unfilled Shells
(Monomers)
Dendrimers
(Electrons)
Auto-Reactive Chemistry
Auto-Reactive Chemistry
Non Auto-Reactive
Non Auto-Reactive
G1
G2
G3
G5
G4
=
Cl 2
Cl 2
Electron Aufbau
Atoms
Fig. 20 Mendeleev periodic table, displaying horizontal autoreactive elements (i.e., chlorine
dimer) in respective periods (1, 2, 3. . .) penultimate to the vertical column of non-autoreactive
noble gases. Far right column displays ideal theoretical, shell-saturated PAMAM dendrimers
(G ¼ 1, 2, 3,. . .) as heuristic non-autoreactive nanoscale analogs of inert, noble gas elements.
In the case where G ¼ 2, shell-saturated dendrimer structure is equivalent to argon at the atomic
level
Twenty-First Century Polymer Science After Staudinger: The Emergence of. . .
359
element noble gases.
In a similar fashion, as illustrated in Fig. 21, dendrimers possessing an unfilled
outer monomer shell are found to be very autoreactive and combine to form dimers,
etc. reminiscent of halogens (or more specifically chlorine). As such, it should be
apparent that the G ¼ 2 dendrimer possessing an unsaturated outer monomer shell
behaves as a superatom analogue of chlorine. This dendrimer species, possessing an
unsaturated monomer shell penultimate to the saturated ideal dendrimer structure,
may proceed to form a dimeric nanocompound (i.e., megamer) by interdendrimer
reactions or simply by combining intramolecularly to produce a macrocyclic site. In
contrast, so-called ideal dendrimers in the far right column are heuristically analogous to atomic-level inert gas configurations. These ideal, outer-shell-saturated
dendrimers possess saturated outer shell level monomer values commensurate with
mathematically defined shell saturation values, as described earlier (Fig. 11).
These saturated outer monomer shell dendrimers are not autoreactive with each
other or reagents possessing common surface functionality (i.e., either nucleophilic
or electrophilic moieties, respectively). In summary, as illustrated in Fig. 22, this
outer shell autoreactivity has been observed not only with atomic elements but also
Metals
Metals
Semi-Metals
Semi-Metals
Non-Metals
Non-Metals
(Electrons)
Noble Gases
Filled Shells
Unfilled Shells
(Monomers)
Dendrimers
(Electrons)
Auto-Reactive Chemistry
Auto-Reactive Chemistry
Non Auto-Reactive
Non Auto-Reactive
G1
G2
G3
G5
G4
=
Cl 2
Cl 2
Electron Aufbau
Atoms
Fig. 20 Mendeleev periodic table, displaying horizontal autoreactive elements (i.e., chlorine
dimer) in respective periods (1, 2, 3. . .) penultimate to the vertical column of non-autoreactive
noble gases. Far right column displays ideal theoretical, shell-saturated PAMAM dendrimers
(G ¼ 1, 2, 3,. . .) as heuristic non-autoreactive nanoscale analogs of inert, noble gas elements.
In the case where G ¼ 2, shell-saturated dendrimer structure is equivalent to argon at the atomic
level
Twenty-First Century Polymer Science After Staudinger: The Emergence of. . .
359