180. Brown DA, London E (1998) Functions of lipid rafts in biological membranes. Ann Rev Cell
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181. Brown DA, London E (2000) Structure and function of sphingolipid- and cholesterol-rich
membrane rafts. J Biol Chem 275(23):17221–17224
182. Singer SJ, Nicolson GK (1972) Fluid mosaic model of structure of cell-membranes. Science
175(4023):720–731
183. Munro S (2003) Lipid rafts: elusive or illusive? Cell 115(4):377–388
184. Hancock JF (2006) Lipid rafts: contentious only from simplistic standpoints. Nat Rev Mol
Cell Biol 7:456–462
185. Leslie M (2011) Do lipid rafts exist? Science 334:1046–1047
186. Vereb G, Szo ¨llosi J, Matko J, Nagy P, Farkas T, Vigh L, Matyus L, Waldmann TA,
Damjanovich S (2003) Dynamic, yet structured: the cell membranes three decades after the
Singer-Nicolson model. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:8053–8058
187. Veatch SL, Keller SL (2003) Separation of liquid phases in giant vesicles of ternary mixtures
of phospholipids and cholesterol. Biophys J 85(5):3074–3083
188. Veatch SL, Keller SL (2005) Seeing spots: complex phase behavior in simple membranes.
Biochim Biophys Acta 1746:172–185
189. Pralle A, Keller P, Florin EL, Simons K, Ho ¨rber JKH (2000) Sphingolipid-cholesterol rafts
diffuse as small entities in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. J Cell Biol
148:997–1007
190. Turner MS, Sens P, Socci ND (2005) Nonequilibrium raft-like membrane domains under
continuous recycling. Phys Rev Lett 95:168301
191. Yethiraj A, Weisshaar JC (2007) Why are lipid rafts not observed in vivo? Biophys J
93:3113–3119
192. Simons K, Vaz WLC (2004) Model systems, lipid rafts, and cell membranes. Annu Rev
Biophys Biomol Struct 33:269–295
193. Brewster R, Pincus PA, Safran SA (2009) Hybrid lipids as a biological surface-active
component. Biophys J 97:1087–1094
194. Yamamoto T, Brewster R, Safran SA (2010) Chain ordering of hybrid lipids can stabilize
domains in saturated/hybrid/cholesterol lipid membranes. Europhys Lett 91:28002
195. Veatch SL, Soubias O, Keller SL, Gawrisch K (2007) Critical fluctuations in domain-forming
lipid mixtures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104(17):650–655
196. Honerkamp-Smith AR, Veatch SL, Keller SL (2009) An introduction to critical points for
biophysicists: observations of compositional heterogeneity in lipid membranes. Biochim
Biophys Acta 1788:53–63
197. Ipsen JH, Karlstro ¨m G, Mouritsen OB, Wennerstro ¨m H, Zuckermann MJ (1987) Phase
equilibria in the phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol system. Biochim Biophys Acta
905:162–172
198. Sankaram MB, Thompson TE (1991) Cholesterol-induced fluid-phase immiscibility in membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:8686–8690
199. Katsaras J, Tristram-Nagle S, Liu Y, Headrick RL, Fontes E, Mason PC, Nagle JF (2000)
Clarification of the ripple phase of lecithin bilayers using fully hydrated, aligned samples.
Phys Rev E 61:5668
200. Sengupta K, Raghunathan VA, Katsaras J (2003) Structure of the ripple phase of phospholipid multibilayers. Phys Rev E 68(3):031710
201. Koynova R, Caffrey M (1994) Phases and phase transitions of the hydrated phosphatidylethanolamines. Chem Phys Lipids 69:1–34
202. Koynova R, Caffrey M (1998) Phases and phase transitions of the phosphatidylcholines.
Biochimica Biophysica Acta Rev Biomembr 1376:91–145
203. Kranenburg M, Smit B (2005) Phase behavior of model lipid bilayers. J Phys Chem B
109:6553–6563
204. de Vries AH, Yefimov S, Mark AE, Marrink SJ (2005) Molecular structure of the lecithin
ripple phase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:5392–5396
278
M. Deserno et al.
Develop Biol 14:111–136
181. Brown DA, London E (2000) Structure and function of sphingolipid- and cholesterol-rich
membrane rafts. J Biol Chem 275(23):17221–17224
182. Singer SJ, Nicolson GK (1972) Fluid mosaic model of structure of cell-membranes. Science
175(4023):720–731
183. Munro S (2003) Lipid rafts: elusive or illusive? Cell 115(4):377–388
184. Hancock JF (2006) Lipid rafts: contentious only from simplistic standpoints. Nat Rev Mol
Cell Biol 7:456–462
185. Leslie M (2011) Do lipid rafts exist? Science 334:1046–1047
186. Vereb G, Szo ¨llosi J, Matko J, Nagy P, Farkas T, Vigh L, Matyus L, Waldmann TA,
Damjanovich S (2003) Dynamic, yet structured: the cell membranes three decades after the
Singer-Nicolson model. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:8053–8058
187. Veatch SL, Keller SL (2003) Separation of liquid phases in giant vesicles of ternary mixtures
of phospholipids and cholesterol. Biophys J 85(5):3074–3083
188. Veatch SL, Keller SL (2005) Seeing spots: complex phase behavior in simple membranes.
Biochim Biophys Acta 1746:172–185
189. Pralle A, Keller P, Florin EL, Simons K, Ho ¨rber JKH (2000) Sphingolipid-cholesterol rafts
diffuse as small entities in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. J Cell Biol
148:997–1007
190. Turner MS, Sens P, Socci ND (2005) Nonequilibrium raft-like membrane domains under
continuous recycling. Phys Rev Lett 95:168301
191. Yethiraj A, Weisshaar JC (2007) Why are lipid rafts not observed in vivo? Biophys J
93:3113–3119
192. Simons K, Vaz WLC (2004) Model systems, lipid rafts, and cell membranes. Annu Rev
Biophys Biomol Struct 33:269–295
193. Brewster R, Pincus PA, Safran SA (2009) Hybrid lipids as a biological surface-active
component. Biophys J 97:1087–1094
194. Yamamoto T, Brewster R, Safran SA (2010) Chain ordering of hybrid lipids can stabilize
domains in saturated/hybrid/cholesterol lipid membranes. Europhys Lett 91:28002
195. Veatch SL, Soubias O, Keller SL, Gawrisch K (2007) Critical fluctuations in domain-forming
lipid mixtures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104(17):650–655
196. Honerkamp-Smith AR, Veatch SL, Keller SL (2009) An introduction to critical points for
biophysicists: observations of compositional heterogeneity in lipid membranes. Biochim
Biophys Acta 1788:53–63
197. Ipsen JH, Karlstro ¨m G, Mouritsen OB, Wennerstro ¨m H, Zuckermann MJ (1987) Phase
equilibria in the phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol system. Biochim Biophys Acta
905:162–172
198. Sankaram MB, Thompson TE (1991) Cholesterol-induced fluid-phase immiscibility in membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:8686–8690
199. Katsaras J, Tristram-Nagle S, Liu Y, Headrick RL, Fontes E, Mason PC, Nagle JF (2000)
Clarification of the ripple phase of lecithin bilayers using fully hydrated, aligned samples.
Phys Rev E 61:5668
200. Sengupta K, Raghunathan VA, Katsaras J (2003) Structure of the ripple phase of phospholipid multibilayers. Phys Rev E 68(3):031710
201. Koynova R, Caffrey M (1994) Phases and phase transitions of the hydrated phosphatidylethanolamines. Chem Phys Lipids 69:1–34
202. Koynova R, Caffrey M (1998) Phases and phase transitions of the phosphatidylcholines.
Biochimica Biophysica Acta Rev Biomembr 1376:91–145
203. Kranenburg M, Smit B (2005) Phase behavior of model lipid bilayers. J Phys Chem B
109:6553–6563
204. de Vries AH, Yefimov S, Mark AE, Marrink SJ (2005) Molecular structure of the lecithin
ripple phase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:5392–5396
278
M. Deserno et al.