for the question of how far conductivity contributions of protonic or cationic charge
carriers can be tuned by the polyelectrolyte composition or by external parameters.
References
1. Bungenberg de Jong HG (1949) In: Kruyt HR (ed) Colloid science. Elsevier, Amsterdam,
pp 232–55, 59–330, 5–429 and 33–80
2. Michaels AS (1965) Polyelectrolyte complexes. J Ind Eng Chem 57:32–40
3. Michaels AS, Falkenstein GL, Schneider NS (1965) Dielectric properties of polyanion–
polycation complexes. J Phys Chem 69:1456–1465
4. Michaels AS, Miekka RG (1961) Polycation–polyanion complexes: preparation and properties
of poly(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium styrenesulfonate). J Phys Chem 65:1765–1773
5. Michaels AS, Mir L, Schneider NS (1965) A conductometric study of polycation–polyanion
reactions in dilute aqueous solution. J Phys Chem 69:1447–1455
6. Philipp B, Dautzenberg H, Linow KJ, Koetz J, Dawydoff W (1989) Polyelectrolyte complexes
– recent developments and open problems. Prog Polym Sci 14:91–172
7. Dautzenberg H (2000) Light scattering studies on polyelectrolyte complexes. Macromol Symp
162:1–21
8. Thu ¨nemann AF, Mu ¨ller M, Dautzenberg H, Joanny JF, Lo ¨wen H (2004) Polyelectrolyte
complexes. In: Schmidt M (ed) Polyelectrolytes with defined molecular architechture II.
Advances in Polymer Science, vol. 166. Springer, Berlin, pp 113–171
9. Decher G, Hong JD (1991) Buildup of ultrathin multilayer films by a self-assembly process.
2. Consecutive adsorption of anionic and cationic bipolar amphiphiles and polyelectrolytes on
charged surfaces. Ber Bunsen Ges Phys Chem 95:1430–1434
10. Decher G, Hong JD, Schmitt J (1992) Buildup of ultrathin multilayer films by a self-assembly
process. 3. Consecutively alternating adsorption of anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes on
charged surfaces. Thin Solid Films 210:831–835
11. Bieker P, Scho ¨nhoff M (2010) Linear and exponential growth regimes of multilayers of weak
polyelectrolytes in dependence on pH. Macromolecules 43:5052–5059
12. Bu ¨scher K, Graf K, Ahrens H, Helm CA (2002) Influence of adsorption conditions on the
structure of polyelectrolyte multilayers. Langmuir 18:3585–3591
13. Decher G (1997) Fuzzy nanoassemblies: toward layered polymeric multicomposites. Science
277:1232–1237
14. Bertrand P, Jonas A, Laschewsky A, Legras R (2000) Ultrathin polymer coatings by complexation of polyelectrolytes at interfaces: suitable materials, structure and properties. Macromol
Rapid Commun 21:319–348
15. Scho ¨nhoff M (2003) Layered polyelectrolyte complexes: physics of formation and molecular
properties. J Phys Condens Matter 15:R1781–R1808
16. Sukhishvili SA (2005) Responsive polymer films and capsules via layer-by-layer assembly.
Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 10:37–44
17. Rodriguez LNJ, De Paul SM, Barrett CJ, Reven L, Spiess HW (2000) Fast magic-angle
spinning and double-quantum H-1 solid-state NMR spectroscopy of polyelectrolyte
multilayers. Adv Mater 12:1934–1938
18. Kovacevic D, van der Burgh S, de Keizer A, Stuart MAC (2002) Kinetics of formation and
dissolution of weak polyelectrolyte multilayers: role of salt and free polyions. Langmuir
18:5607–5612
19. Sukhishvili SA, Kharlampieva E, Izumrudov V (2006) Where polyelectrolyte multilayers and
polyelectrolyte complexes meet. Macromolecules 39:8873–8881
20. van der Gucht J, Spruijt E, Lemmers M, Stuart MAC (2011) Polyelectrolyte complexes: bulk
phases and colloidal systems. J Colloid Interfae Sci 361:407–422
Ion Conduction in Solid Polyelectrolyte Complex Materials
135
carriers can be tuned by the polyelectrolyte composition or by external parameters.
References
1. Bungenberg de Jong HG (1949) In: Kruyt HR (ed) Colloid science. Elsevier, Amsterdam,
pp 232–55, 59–330, 5–429 and 33–80
2. Michaels AS (1965) Polyelectrolyte complexes. J Ind Eng Chem 57:32–40
3. Michaels AS, Falkenstein GL, Schneider NS (1965) Dielectric properties of polyanion–
polycation complexes. J Phys Chem 69:1456–1465
4. Michaels AS, Miekka RG (1961) Polycation–polyanion complexes: preparation and properties
of poly(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium styrenesulfonate). J Phys Chem 65:1765–1773
5. Michaels AS, Mir L, Schneider NS (1965) A conductometric study of polycation–polyanion
reactions in dilute aqueous solution. J Phys Chem 69:1447–1455
6. Philipp B, Dautzenberg H, Linow KJ, Koetz J, Dawydoff W (1989) Polyelectrolyte complexes
– recent developments and open problems. Prog Polym Sci 14:91–172
7. Dautzenberg H (2000) Light scattering studies on polyelectrolyte complexes. Macromol Symp
162:1–21
8. Thu ¨nemann AF, Mu ¨ller M, Dautzenberg H, Joanny JF, Lo ¨wen H (2004) Polyelectrolyte
complexes. In: Schmidt M (ed) Polyelectrolytes with defined molecular architechture II.
Advances in Polymer Science, vol. 166. Springer, Berlin, pp 113–171
9. Decher G, Hong JD (1991) Buildup of ultrathin multilayer films by a self-assembly process.
2. Consecutive adsorption of anionic and cationic bipolar amphiphiles and polyelectrolytes on
charged surfaces. Ber Bunsen Ges Phys Chem 95:1430–1434
10. Decher G, Hong JD, Schmitt J (1992) Buildup of ultrathin multilayer films by a self-assembly
process. 3. Consecutively alternating adsorption of anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes on
charged surfaces. Thin Solid Films 210:831–835
11. Bieker P, Scho ¨nhoff M (2010) Linear and exponential growth regimes of multilayers of weak
polyelectrolytes in dependence on pH. Macromolecules 43:5052–5059
12. Bu ¨scher K, Graf K, Ahrens H, Helm CA (2002) Influence of adsorption conditions on the
structure of polyelectrolyte multilayers. Langmuir 18:3585–3591
13. Decher G (1997) Fuzzy nanoassemblies: toward layered polymeric multicomposites. Science
277:1232–1237
14. Bertrand P, Jonas A, Laschewsky A, Legras R (2000) Ultrathin polymer coatings by complexation of polyelectrolytes at interfaces: suitable materials, structure and properties. Macromol
Rapid Commun 21:319–348
15. Scho ¨nhoff M (2003) Layered polyelectrolyte complexes: physics of formation and molecular
properties. J Phys Condens Matter 15:R1781–R1808
16. Sukhishvili SA (2005) Responsive polymer films and capsules via layer-by-layer assembly.
Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 10:37–44
17. Rodriguez LNJ, De Paul SM, Barrett CJ, Reven L, Spiess HW (2000) Fast magic-angle
spinning and double-quantum H-1 solid-state NMR spectroscopy of polyelectrolyte
multilayers. Adv Mater 12:1934–1938
18. Kovacevic D, van der Burgh S, de Keizer A, Stuart MAC (2002) Kinetics of formation and
dissolution of weak polyelectrolyte multilayers: role of salt and free polyions. Langmuir
18:5607–5612
19. Sukhishvili SA, Kharlampieva E, Izumrudov V (2006) Where polyelectrolyte multilayers and
polyelectrolyte complexes meet. Macromolecules 39:8873–8881
20. van der Gucht J, Spruijt E, Lemmers M, Stuart MAC (2011) Polyelectrolyte complexes: bulk
phases and colloidal systems. J Colloid Interfae Sci 361:407–422
Ion Conduction in Solid Polyelectrolyte Complex Materials
135