Silicon dioxide (cont.)
HNBR matrix, 76
hydrogen bonding, 72–74
layered fiber model, 76
nonlinear viscoelastic behavior, 71
PAM, 77
Payne effect, 71, 72
PDMS, superhydrophobic nanosilica,
76–77
polymer silica morphology, 74
Si-OH fillers, 73
“smart” silica components, 72, 73
solution-polymerized SBR and
nanofillers, 75
spherical nanofillers, 92
storage modulus vs. strain, 71
strain sweep measurements, 76
TESPD, 75
three-dimensional fillers, 64–66
Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT),
93, 95
Small amplitude oscillatory shear
(SAOS), 145
Solution casting method, 19–20
Spherical fillers
nanofillers
carbon black, 92
silicon dioxide, 92
titanium dioxide, 92–93
rubber blends
aggregation and agglomeration, 106
BR/NBR blends, 107, 108
carbon black, 105, 107
DMTA technique, 106–107
dynamic-mechanical properties, 108
filler–rubber interface, 106
nSiO 2 and PS-nSiO 2 , 108, 109, 111
rubber industry, 106
silica-NBR interaction, 107
TEM images, graphitized and
nongraphitized, 105
XSBR/NR blend, 109–110
Strain energy function
Cayley–Hamilton theorem, 231
isotropic materials, 230
material symmetry group, 229–230
Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor, 228
Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)
and halloysite nanotube, 28
and NBR, 117
and NR rubber blends, 108
SWCNT. See Single walled carbon nanotubes
(SWCNT)
T
TEM images. See Transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) images
Tension
compressible materials, 237
Neo–Hookean model, 236
principal stretches, 235–236
stress–strain relation, 237
Thermally reduced graphene (TRG), 47, 88
Thermoplastic elastomer polyolefin (TPO), 32
Three-dimensional fillers
filled and nanofilled polymers, 60
iso-dimensional nanofillers, 80
Kraus model, 80–81
Maier and Go ¨ritz model, 80–81
nanocomposites, 60
nanoparticles, 61–62
nonlinear viscoelastic behavior, 60
Payne effect, 61
POSS, 62–64
rheological properties, 80
rubber nanocomposites (see Rubber
nanocomposites)
silicon dioxide, 64–66
surface modification, 81
titanium dioxide, 66–67
Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 )
rubber nanocomposites, 77–79
spherical nanofillers, 92–93
three-dimensional fillers, 66–67
TPO. See Thermoplastic elastomer polyolefin
(TPO)
Transient double-network model
A-network (see Adsorbed network
(A-network))
entangled network (E-network), 163
polymeric chains, 163
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
images
CR/EPDM blend, 120, 121
graphitized and nongraphitized, 105
HNT, 96
SWCNT, DWCNT and MWCNT, 95
TRG. See Thermally reduced graphene (TRG)
bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl)-disulfane (TESPD),
75
Tubular fillers
rubber blends
bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl)-tetrasulfane
functionalised carbon nanotubes,
118
carbon nanotubes, 112
CNT application, 111
308
Index
HNBR matrix, 76
hydrogen bonding, 72–74
layered fiber model, 76
nonlinear viscoelastic behavior, 71
PAM, 77
Payne effect, 71, 72
PDMS, superhydrophobic nanosilica,
76–77
polymer silica morphology, 74
Si-OH fillers, 73
“smart” silica components, 72, 73
solution-polymerized SBR and
nanofillers, 75
spherical nanofillers, 92
storage modulus vs. strain, 71
strain sweep measurements, 76
TESPD, 75
three-dimensional fillers, 64–66
Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT),
93, 95
Small amplitude oscillatory shear
(SAOS), 145
Solution casting method, 19–20
Spherical fillers
nanofillers
carbon black, 92
silicon dioxide, 92
titanium dioxide, 92–93
rubber blends
aggregation and agglomeration, 106
BR/NBR blends, 107, 108
carbon black, 105, 107
DMTA technique, 106–107
dynamic-mechanical properties, 108
filler–rubber interface, 106
nSiO 2 and PS-nSiO 2 , 108, 109, 111
rubber industry, 106
silica-NBR interaction, 107
TEM images, graphitized and
nongraphitized, 105
XSBR/NR blend, 109–110
Strain energy function
Cayley–Hamilton theorem, 231
isotropic materials, 230
material symmetry group, 229–230
Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor, 228
Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)
and halloysite nanotube, 28
and NBR, 117
and NR rubber blends, 108
SWCNT. See Single walled carbon nanotubes
(SWCNT)
T
TEM images. See Transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) images
Tension
compressible materials, 237
Neo–Hookean model, 236
principal stretches, 235–236
stress–strain relation, 237
Thermally reduced graphene (TRG), 47, 88
Thermoplastic elastomer polyolefin (TPO), 32
Three-dimensional fillers
filled and nanofilled polymers, 60
iso-dimensional nanofillers, 80
Kraus model, 80–81
Maier and Go ¨ritz model, 80–81
nanocomposites, 60
nanoparticles, 61–62
nonlinear viscoelastic behavior, 60
Payne effect, 61
POSS, 62–64
rheological properties, 80
rubber nanocomposites (see Rubber
nanocomposites)
silicon dioxide, 64–66
surface modification, 81
titanium dioxide, 66–67
Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 )
rubber nanocomposites, 77–79
spherical nanofillers, 92–93
three-dimensional fillers, 66–67
TPO. See Thermoplastic elastomer polyolefin
(TPO)
Transient double-network model
A-network (see Adsorbed network
(A-network))
entangled network (E-network), 163
polymeric chains, 163
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
images
CR/EPDM blend, 120, 121
graphitized and nongraphitized, 105
HNT, 96
SWCNT, DWCNT and MWCNT, 95
TRG. See Thermally reduced graphene (TRG)
bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl)-disulfane (TESPD),
75
Tubular fillers
rubber blends
bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl)-tetrasulfane
functionalised carbon nanotubes,
118
carbon nanotubes, 112
CNT application, 111
308
Index