Payne effect (cont.)
filler–rubber interactions, 49
fractal dimension, 48
isotropic rubber, 171–172
MA-g-IIR content, 54
molecular interpretation, 103
nonlinear behavior, 45, 223
nonlinear elasticity, 225
PI thickness, 79
PU/GO composites, 51, 53
silica, 71, 72, 100
single network, dynamic storage and
loss moduli, 172
storage modulus vs. deformation,
223–224
strain dependence, storage and loss
moduli, 222
stress softening, 102
sulfur-cured double networks, 174
two double networks, dynamic storage and
loss moduli, 173
PDMS. See Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)
Phospholipid, 117
Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor, 228
Pipkin–Rogers model, 249
Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), 68–70, 76
Polyacrylamide matrix (PAM), 77
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane
(POSS)
chemical incorporation, 69
cubane cage, 63
hydrolytic condensation, 63
inorganic–organic nanofillers, 62
molecular structure, 62
mono and tetra cages, 68
nanocomposite, 63–64
PDMS networks, 69
percolation, 68
plastics industry applications, 64
polymers, 63
PU/POSS nanocomposites, 70
trigonal prismatic, 63
vinyl-PDMS, 70
Polymer composites
nano-sized fillers, 87
properties, 154
stress, 137
thermal conductivity, 152
viscoelastic properties, 138
POSS. See Polyhedral oligomeric
silsesquioxane (POSS)
Q
Quasi-linear viscoelastic (QLV)
abaqus FEA model, 253–255
description, 247–248
FEA codes, 248–249
Fosdick and Yu’s model, 252–253
Fung’s model, 249–252
nonlinear viscoelastic models, 255
Quasi-static responses
carbon black, 203
elastomers, 202
nominal stress, 204–205
rubber-polyethylene blend, 204
shear tests, rubber specimens, 203
stress–strain constitutive curves, 202
styrene butadiene rubber, 202
temperature, stress–strain curve,
203–204
volume dilatation, rubber specimen,
202, 203
R
Reinforcement
elastomer composites, 44
filler, 199
inorganic, 65
polyurea matrix, 70
rubber blend (see Rubber blend
composites)
ZnO nanoparticles, 80
Reputation mechanism
flow curve properties, steady shear
flow, 167
particle destructibi1ity, flowing
system, 166–167
polymeric chains and dynamic
reorganization, 165–166
Rheology, 154
Rivlin–Sawyers models, 245–246
Rubber blend composites
BR/ethylene-propylene-diene rubber
blend, 89–90
co-vulcanization, 88
elastomer phase, 89
epoxidized NR (ENR), 90
heterogeneous carbon black, 89
hierarchical scales, rubber industry,
88–89
homogeneity, 88
industrial requirements, 89
306
Index
filler–rubber interactions, 49
fractal dimension, 48
isotropic rubber, 171–172
MA-g-IIR content, 54
molecular interpretation, 103
nonlinear behavior, 45, 223
nonlinear elasticity, 225
PI thickness, 79
PU/GO composites, 51, 53
silica, 71, 72, 100
single network, dynamic storage and
loss moduli, 172
storage modulus vs. deformation,
223–224
strain dependence, storage and loss
moduli, 222
stress softening, 102
sulfur-cured double networks, 174
two double networks, dynamic storage and
loss moduli, 173
PDMS. See Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)
Phospholipid, 117
Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor, 228
Pipkin–Rogers model, 249
Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), 68–70, 76
Polyacrylamide matrix (PAM), 77
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane
(POSS)
chemical incorporation, 69
cubane cage, 63
hydrolytic condensation, 63
inorganic–organic nanofillers, 62
molecular structure, 62
mono and tetra cages, 68
nanocomposite, 63–64
PDMS networks, 69
percolation, 68
plastics industry applications, 64
polymers, 63
PU/POSS nanocomposites, 70
trigonal prismatic, 63
vinyl-PDMS, 70
Polymer composites
nano-sized fillers, 87
properties, 154
stress, 137
thermal conductivity, 152
viscoelastic properties, 138
POSS. See Polyhedral oligomeric
silsesquioxane (POSS)
Q
Quasi-linear viscoelastic (QLV)
abaqus FEA model, 253–255
description, 247–248
FEA codes, 248–249
Fosdick and Yu’s model, 252–253
Fung’s model, 249–252
nonlinear viscoelastic models, 255
Quasi-static responses
carbon black, 203
elastomers, 202
nominal stress, 204–205
rubber-polyethylene blend, 204
shear tests, rubber specimens, 203
stress–strain constitutive curves, 202
styrene butadiene rubber, 202
temperature, stress–strain curve,
203–204
volume dilatation, rubber specimen,
202, 203
R
Reinforcement
elastomer composites, 44
filler, 199
inorganic, 65
polyurea matrix, 70
rubber blend (see Rubber blend
composites)
ZnO nanoparticles, 80
Reputation mechanism
flow curve properties, steady shear
flow, 167
particle destructibi1ity, flowing
system, 166–167
polymeric chains and dynamic
reorganization, 165–166
Rheology, 154
Rivlin–Sawyers models, 245–246
Rubber blend composites
BR/ethylene-propylene-diene rubber
blend, 89–90
co-vulcanization, 88
elastomer phase, 89
epoxidized NR (ENR), 90
heterogeneous carbon black, 89
hierarchical scales, rubber industry,
88–89
homogeneity, 88
industrial requirements, 89
306
Index