Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)
amino-functionalized, 95
machine direction, 116, 117
nanofillers, TEM images, 95
Payne effect, 112
PU/MWCNT and PU/nanoclay systems, 70
rubber blend composite, 131
transverse direction, 116, 117
MWD. See Molecular weight distribution
(MWD)
N
Nanoclay
layered nanofillers, 96–97
non linear viscoelastic properties, 53
TEM micrographs, 47
two-dimensional layers, 46
Nanocomposites
CNT-rubber, 113
2D fillers
cloisite10A, 47
graphene film, 46
TEM, 46, 47
TRG and NG, 47–48
WAXD patterns, 47
XRD, 46
dispersion, 20–21
melt mixing method, 20
non-linear responses, 103
NR/layered filler, 88
NR/XSBR based, 115
nSiO 2 and PS-nSiO 2 , 109, 110
OMMT/NR/BR, 127
reinforcement, 87
rubber (see Rubber nanocomposites)
SBR/BR based, 128–129
silicate nanocomposites, 90, 91
solution casting method, 19–20
synergistic effect, 19
Nanofillers
biofillers, 148–149
carbon nanofillers, 144–147
dimensional morphology, 91
DMTA curves, 150
fibrous nanofillers, 147–148
hybrid fillers, 151–152
layered
graphene, 98–99
layered double hydroxides, 97–98
nanoclay, 96–97
mineral fillers, 137–140
nanoflower, 150
nanorods, 149
nanotube, 140–143
nanowire, 150
polymeric nanocomposites, 61
polymer inter-chain distance, 90–91
rubber nanocomposites, 152–157
semi-reinforcing filler, 91
spherical
carbon black, 92
silicon dioxide, 92
titanium dioxide, 92–93
storage shear modulus, 151
three-dimensional (see Three-dimensional
fillers)
tubular
carbon nanofiber, 94–95
carbon nanotubes, 93–94
halloysite nanotubes, 95–96
Nanoparticles, 2D fillers
graphene, 45–46
nanoclay, 46
structural representation, 45
Nanorods
carbon, 16
and nanofibers, 16
TiO 2 , 150
Nanotube
BNNTs, 142
carbon and silicon, 140–141
gelator, 143
storage modulus vs. temperature plots,
140, 142
Nanowire
description, 18
electrons, 150
properties, 150
Natural rubber (NR)
cis-butadiene rubber (cis-BR), 89
nanocomposites, 87–88
synthetic nonpolar rubbers, 89
Neo–Hookean model, 236
Non-linear effects
Mullins effect, 214–221
Payne effect, 221–225
Non-linear elasticity
compressibility, 232–234
incompressibility, 234–235
kinematics, 225–228
strain energy function, 228–231
Non-linear viscoelasticity
acid resistant/anticorrosive rubbers, 2
acrylonitrile rubber, 3
active fillers, 194
304
Index
amino-functionalized, 95
machine direction, 116, 117
nanofillers, TEM images, 95
Payne effect, 112
PU/MWCNT and PU/nanoclay systems, 70
rubber blend composite, 131
transverse direction, 116, 117
MWD. See Molecular weight distribution
(MWD)
N
Nanoclay
layered nanofillers, 96–97
non linear viscoelastic properties, 53
TEM micrographs, 47
two-dimensional layers, 46
Nanocomposites
CNT-rubber, 113
2D fillers
cloisite10A, 47
graphene film, 46
TEM, 46, 47
TRG and NG, 47–48
WAXD patterns, 47
XRD, 46
dispersion, 20–21
melt mixing method, 20
non-linear responses, 103
NR/layered filler, 88
NR/XSBR based, 115
nSiO 2 and PS-nSiO 2 , 109, 110
OMMT/NR/BR, 127
reinforcement, 87
rubber (see Rubber nanocomposites)
SBR/BR based, 128–129
silicate nanocomposites, 90, 91
solution casting method, 19–20
synergistic effect, 19
Nanofillers
biofillers, 148–149
carbon nanofillers, 144–147
dimensional morphology, 91
DMTA curves, 150
fibrous nanofillers, 147–148
hybrid fillers, 151–152
layered
graphene, 98–99
layered double hydroxides, 97–98
nanoclay, 96–97
mineral fillers, 137–140
nanoflower, 150
nanorods, 149
nanotube, 140–143
nanowire, 150
polymeric nanocomposites, 61
polymer inter-chain distance, 90–91
rubber nanocomposites, 152–157
semi-reinforcing filler, 91
spherical
carbon black, 92
silicon dioxide, 92
titanium dioxide, 92–93
storage shear modulus, 151
three-dimensional (see Three-dimensional
fillers)
tubular
carbon nanofiber, 94–95
carbon nanotubes, 93–94
halloysite nanotubes, 95–96
Nanoparticles, 2D fillers
graphene, 45–46
nanoclay, 46
structural representation, 45
Nanorods
carbon, 16
and nanofibers, 16
TiO 2 , 150
Nanotube
BNNTs, 142
carbon and silicon, 140–141
gelator, 143
storage modulus vs. temperature plots,
140, 142
Nanowire
description, 18
electrons, 150
properties, 150
Natural rubber (NR)
cis-butadiene rubber (cis-BR), 89
nanocomposites, 87–88
synthetic nonpolar rubbers, 89
Neo–Hookean model, 236
Non-linear effects
Mullins effect, 214–221
Payne effect, 221–225
Non-linear elasticity
compressibility, 232–234
incompressibility, 234–235
kinematics, 225–228
strain energy function, 228–231
Non-linear viscoelasticity
acid resistant/anticorrosive rubbers, 2
acrylonitrile rubber, 3
active fillers, 194
304
Index