Carbon Footprint Estimation for Academic Building in India
69
associated with it have been quantified. Location of a building is an important parameter, which affects the value of associated emissions due to increase in transportation
distance. It is also found that academic buildings have lower resources consumption
and associated emissions than those related to residential buildings due to less or only
day time operational hours. Another important thing to perform an effective LCA is
availability of data of all resources utilized by a building especially in construction
and operational phase. In the present study, unavailability of ample data is faced due
to which many important inputs had to be excluded. Nevertheless, the results obtained
in the study clearly reveal that emissions associated with the building have noticeable effect on the natural resources and it is important to explore new sustainable
construction techniques and materials; and formulation of new strategies to mitigate
these effects.
Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to the authorities of THDC Institute of Hydropower
Engineering & Technology, Tehri (India) for allowing and providing valuable data required to carry
out the research work.
References
1. Arena AP, Rosa C (2003) Life cycle assessment of energy and environmental implications of
the implementation of conservative technologies in school building in Mendoza-Argentina.
Build Environ 38:359–368
2. Basket JS, Lacke CJ, Weizt KA, Warren JL (1995) Guidelines for assessing the quality of life
cycle inventory analysis. Research Triangle Institute, National Technical Information Service,
Springfield
3. Central Electricity Authority (CEA) (2020) Ministry of power government of India. (www.
cea.nic.in)
4. Dakwale VA, Ralegaonkar RV, Mandavgane S (2011) Improving environmental performance
of building through increased energy efficiency: a review. Sustain Cities Soc 1:211–218
5. Dhaka S, Mathur J, Garg V (2012) Combined effect of energy effciency measures and thermal
adaptation on air conditioned building in warm climatic conditions of India. Energy Build
55:351–360
6. Gamarra AR, Istrate IR, Herrera I, Lago C, Lizana J, Lechon (2018) Energy and water consumption and carbon footprint of school buildings in hot climate conditions. Results from life cycle
assessment. J Cleaner Prod
7. Gumaste KS(2006) Embodied energy computations in buildings. Adv Build Res 404–409
8. Isasa M, Gazulla C, Zabalza I, Oregi X, Partidario P, Duclos L (2014) EnerBuiLCA: life cycle
assessment for energy efficiency in buildings.Conference: WSB14 Barcelona, 124, 1–10
9. ISO, ISO 14040 (1997) Environmental management—life cycle assessment—principles and
framework. International Organisation for Standardization
10. Khasreen MM, Banfill PFG, Menzies GF (2009) Life-cycle assessment and the environmental
impact of buildings: a review. Sustainability 1:674–701
11. Levine MD, Price L, Martin N (1996) Mitigation options for carbon dioxide emissions from
buildings. Energy Policy 24(10/11):937–949
12. Magrassi F, BorghiAD Gallo M, Strazza C, Robba M (2016) Optimal planning of sustainable
buildings: integration of life cycle assessment and optimization in a decision support system
(DSS). Energies 9:1–15
69
associated with it have been quantified. Location of a building is an important parameter, which affects the value of associated emissions due to increase in transportation
distance. It is also found that academic buildings have lower resources consumption
and associated emissions than those related to residential buildings due to less or only
day time operational hours. Another important thing to perform an effective LCA is
availability of data of all resources utilized by a building especially in construction
and operational phase. In the present study, unavailability of ample data is faced due
to which many important inputs had to be excluded. Nevertheless, the results obtained
in the study clearly reveal that emissions associated with the building have noticeable effect on the natural resources and it is important to explore new sustainable
construction techniques and materials; and formulation of new strategies to mitigate
these effects.
Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to the authorities of THDC Institute of Hydropower
Engineering & Technology, Tehri (India) for allowing and providing valuable data required to carry
out the research work.
References
1. Arena AP, Rosa C (2003) Life cycle assessment of energy and environmental implications of
the implementation of conservative technologies in school building in Mendoza-Argentina.
Build Environ 38:359–368
2. Basket JS, Lacke CJ, Weizt KA, Warren JL (1995) Guidelines for assessing the quality of life
cycle inventory analysis. Research Triangle Institute, National Technical Information Service,
Springfield
3. Central Electricity Authority (CEA) (2020) Ministry of power government of India. (www.
cea.nic.in)
4. Dakwale VA, Ralegaonkar RV, Mandavgane S (2011) Improving environmental performance
of building through increased energy efficiency: a review. Sustain Cities Soc 1:211–218
5. Dhaka S, Mathur J, Garg V (2012) Combined effect of energy effciency measures and thermal
adaptation on air conditioned building in warm climatic conditions of India. Energy Build
55:351–360
6. Gamarra AR, Istrate IR, Herrera I, Lago C, Lizana J, Lechon (2018) Energy and water consumption and carbon footprint of school buildings in hot climate conditions. Results from life cycle
assessment. J Cleaner Prod
7. Gumaste KS(2006) Embodied energy computations in buildings. Adv Build Res 404–409
8. Isasa M, Gazulla C, Zabalza I, Oregi X, Partidario P, Duclos L (2014) EnerBuiLCA: life cycle
assessment for energy efficiency in buildings.Conference: WSB14 Barcelona, 124, 1–10
9. ISO, ISO 14040 (1997) Environmental management—life cycle assessment—principles and
framework. International Organisation for Standardization
10. Khasreen MM, Banfill PFG, Menzies GF (2009) Life-cycle assessment and the environmental
impact of buildings: a review. Sustainability 1:674–701
11. Levine MD, Price L, Martin N (1996) Mitigation options for carbon dioxide emissions from
buildings. Energy Policy 24(10/11):937–949
12. Magrassi F, BorghiAD Gallo M, Strazza C, Robba M (2016) Optimal planning of sustainable
buildings: integration of life cycle assessment and optimization in a decision support system
(DSS). Energies 9:1–15