104
D. Chakraborty
Total emission from travel in two wheelers (scooters and motorbikes, mainly
owned by the employees) amounted to 128 tCO 2 e and that from commuting in four
wheelers (employee owned cars owned and or hired vehicles like buses) was found
to be 147 tCO 2 e.. Emission from commuting by bicycle is zero. So the total CF
from business travel by officers and other employees totalled to 275 tCO 2 e. Annual
CF from production process and business travel amounted to 120,63,705 tCO 2 e in
2016–17. The footprint at this stage of the life cycle of the plant forms the largest part
of the annual CF and is the ‘hotbed’ having a significant impact of the environment.
C. Carbon Footprint from transportation and disposal/dumping of wastes (Indirect Emission)
Waste generated constitutes of fly ash (dry ash formed from burning of coal), wet ash,
and rejected materials like stones, heavy minerals etc. Both dry and wet ash handling
system is used by the plant for transportation of the generated wastes. Generally,
dry ash handling system is used for transportation of fly ash, which is transported in
closed containers by lorries or dampers for the purpose of environmental protection.
Normally such wastes are transported around a distance of 35–45 km per day and are
sold off to the municipality, traders and to cement manufacturing industries. About
18,06,973 MT fly ash is sold off at Rs. 90–95 per ton (generating a revenue of Rs.16
to 17 crores in 2016–2017) to the local municipal authority, vendors and brick and
cement manufacturing industries who collected and transported the fly ash in their
own vehicles, bearing all the associated cost.
About 7,85,820 MT (2150 MT per day) of wet ash is collected by traders and
local municipal authority free of cost. The vendor and municipal authority transports
the wet ash over a distance of normally 6–10 kms per day by lorries and get them
recycled by evacuating them for reclamation of low lying land and construction of
roads in neighbouring region. Since these wastes are collected by the traders from
the premises of the plant and not transported by the plant itself, emission from
transportation of dry and wet ash waste is considered to be zero.
Around 80 MT–100 MT of rejected materials gets normally generated per day
from production process. These rejects are transferred to the end users for recycling
purposes. Generally around 15–20 tractors/lorries are loaded with these rejects and
are transported by the plant to the end users in the neighbouring areas (a distance of 2–
5 kms on an average daily). A total of 14,62,000 MT rejected materials were generated
and for calculating the emission from transportation of these rejected materials the
default emission factor (1.13 kg CO 2 e/kg) relevant for India was considered or used
(India Specific Road Transport Emission Factors, Version 1.0. under India GHG
Program prescribed by WRI India, TERI and CII, in 2015). Calculation revealed that
the total CO 2 e emission from transportation of wastes was to the tune of 1,652 and
that from disposal of wastes was zero (all the generated wastes been recycled) for
the year 2016–17.
D. Chakraborty
Total emission from travel in two wheelers (scooters and motorbikes, mainly
owned by the employees) amounted to 128 tCO 2 e and that from commuting in four
wheelers (employee owned cars owned and or hired vehicles like buses) was found
to be 147 tCO 2 e.. Emission from commuting by bicycle is zero. So the total CF
from business travel by officers and other employees totalled to 275 tCO 2 e. Annual
CF from production process and business travel amounted to 120,63,705 tCO 2 e in
2016–17. The footprint at this stage of the life cycle of the plant forms the largest part
of the annual CF and is the ‘hotbed’ having a significant impact of the environment.
C. Carbon Footprint from transportation and disposal/dumping of wastes (Indirect Emission)
Waste generated constitutes of fly ash (dry ash formed from burning of coal), wet ash,
and rejected materials like stones, heavy minerals etc. Both dry and wet ash handling
system is used by the plant for transportation of the generated wastes. Generally,
dry ash handling system is used for transportation of fly ash, which is transported in
closed containers by lorries or dampers for the purpose of environmental protection.
Normally such wastes are transported around a distance of 35–45 km per day and are
sold off to the municipality, traders and to cement manufacturing industries. About
18,06,973 MT fly ash is sold off at Rs. 90–95 per ton (generating a revenue of Rs.16
to 17 crores in 2016–2017) to the local municipal authority, vendors and brick and
cement manufacturing industries who collected and transported the fly ash in their
own vehicles, bearing all the associated cost.
About 7,85,820 MT (2150 MT per day) of wet ash is collected by traders and
local municipal authority free of cost. The vendor and municipal authority transports
the wet ash over a distance of normally 6–10 kms per day by lorries and get them
recycled by evacuating them for reclamation of low lying land and construction of
roads in neighbouring region. Since these wastes are collected by the traders from
the premises of the plant and not transported by the plant itself, emission from
transportation of dry and wet ash waste is considered to be zero.
Around 80 MT–100 MT of rejected materials gets normally generated per day
from production process. These rejects are transferred to the end users for recycling
purposes. Generally around 15–20 tractors/lorries are loaded with these rejects and
are transported by the plant to the end users in the neighbouring areas (a distance of 2–
5 kms on an average daily). A total of 14,62,000 MT rejected materials were generated
and for calculating the emission from transportation of these rejected materials the
default emission factor (1.13 kg CO 2 e/kg) relevant for India was considered or used
(India Specific Road Transport Emission Factors, Version 1.0. under India GHG
Program prescribed by WRI India, TERI and CII, in 2015). Calculation revealed that
the total CO 2 e emission from transportation of wastes was to the tune of 1,652 and
that from disposal of wastes was zero (all the generated wastes been recycled) for
the year 2016–17.