References
1. Ringqvist L, Igsell P (1994) Dual polymer system in peat dewatering. Energy Fuel 8:953
2. Kulicke WM, Lenk S, Detzner D et al (1993) Anwendung von Polyelektrolyten bei der
mechanischen Fest/Flu ¨ssig-Trennung. Chem Ing Technol 65:541
3. Bo ¨hm N, Kulicke WM (1997) Optimization of the use of polyelectrolytes for dewatering
industrial sludges of various origins. Colloid Polym Sci 275:73
4. Zhang X (1992) A new polymer flocculant for dyes. Water Treat 7:33
5. Arno J, Frankle W, Sheridan J (1974) Zeta potential and its application to filler retention.
Tappi 57:97
6. Britt KW, Unbehend J (1974) Electrophoresis in paper stock suspensions as measured by
mass transport analysis. Tappi 57:81
7. Hagedorn R (1988) The combination of highly charged polyelectrolytes with retention
agents: retention in the presence of interfering substances. Tappi 71:131
8. Andersson K, Sandstro ¨m A, Stro ¨m K, Barla P (1986) The use of cationic starch and colloidal
silica to improve the drainage characteristics of kraft pulp. Nordic Pulp Paper Res J 2:26
9. Swerin A, O ¨ dberg L (1996) An extended model for the estimation of flocculation efficiency
factors in multicomponent flocculant systems. Colloids Surf A 113:25
10. Eklund D, Lindstro ¨m T (1991) Paper chemistry. DT Paper Science Publications, Grankulla
11. Gregory J, Barany S (2011) Adsorption and flocculation by polymers and polymer mixtures.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci 169:1
12. Dragan ES (2007) New trends in ionic (co)polymers and hybrids. Nova Science, New York
13. Moore E (1976) Charge relationship of dual polymer retention aids. Tappi 59:120
14. Mu ¨ller F, Beck U (1978) Dual-Produktsysteme zur Retention und Entwa ¨sserung in der
Papierindustrie. Das Papier 32:V25
15. Peta ¨ja ¨ T (1980) Fundamental mechanisms of retention with retention agents. Kemia-Kemi
5:261
16. Wagberg L, Lindstro ¨m T (1987) Some fundamental aspects on dual component retention aid
systems. Nordic Pulp Paper Res J 2:49
17. Gill RI (1991) Development in retention aid technology. Paper Technol 32:34
18. Krogerus B (1993) Dynamic flocculation studies on fibre fines and filler clay. Nordic Pulp
Paper Res J 8:135
19. Hedborg F, Lindstro ¨m T (1996) Some aspects on the reversibility of flocculation of paper
stocks. Nordic Pulp Paper Res J 4:254
20. Petzold G (1999) Dual addition schemes. In: Farinato RS, Dubin P (eds) Colloid-polymer
interactions: from fundamentals to practice. Wiley, New York, pp 83–100
21. Petzold G, Buchhammer HM, Lunkwitz K (1996) The use of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes as flocculants and retention aids. Colloids Surf A 119:87
22. Sang Y, Xiao H (2008) Clay flocculation improved by cationic poly(vinyl alcohol)/anionic
polymer dual-component system. J Colloid Interface Sci 326:420
23. Barany S, Meszaros R et al (2011) Effect of polyelectrolyte mixtures on the electrokinetic
potential and kinetics of flocculation of clay mineral particles. Colloids Surf A 383:48
24. Oelmeyer G, Krentz O, Kulicke WM (2001) Kombinierte Flockungshilfsmittelsysteme mit
kationischen Sta ¨rken in der Fest/Flu ¨ssig-Trennung von Hafenschlick. Chem Ing Technol 73:546
25. Petzold G, Lunkwitz K (1995) The interaction between polyelectrolyte complexes made from
poly(dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride) (PDMDAAC) and poly(maleic acid-co-α-methylstyrene) (P(MS-α-MeSty)) and cellulosic materials. Colloids Surf A 98:225
26. Petzold G, Schwarz S, Geißler U, Smolka N (2004) Influence of humic acid on the flocculation
of clay. Colloid Polym Sci 282:670
27. Glover S, Yan D, Jameson G, Biggs S (2004) Dewatering properties of dual-polymer
flocculated systems. Int J Min Process 73:145
28. Fan A, Turro N, Somasundaran P (2000) A study of dual polymer flocculation. Colloids Surf A
162:141
60
G. Petzold and S. Schwarz
1. Ringqvist L, Igsell P (1994) Dual polymer system in peat dewatering. Energy Fuel 8:953
2. Kulicke WM, Lenk S, Detzner D et al (1993) Anwendung von Polyelektrolyten bei der
mechanischen Fest/Flu ¨ssig-Trennung. Chem Ing Technol 65:541
3. Bo ¨hm N, Kulicke WM (1997) Optimization of the use of polyelectrolytes for dewatering
industrial sludges of various origins. Colloid Polym Sci 275:73
4. Zhang X (1992) A new polymer flocculant for dyes. Water Treat 7:33
5. Arno J, Frankle W, Sheridan J (1974) Zeta potential and its application to filler retention.
Tappi 57:97
6. Britt KW, Unbehend J (1974) Electrophoresis in paper stock suspensions as measured by
mass transport analysis. Tappi 57:81
7. Hagedorn R (1988) The combination of highly charged polyelectrolytes with retention
agents: retention in the presence of interfering substances. Tappi 71:131
8. Andersson K, Sandstro ¨m A, Stro ¨m K, Barla P (1986) The use of cationic starch and colloidal
silica to improve the drainage characteristics of kraft pulp. Nordic Pulp Paper Res J 2:26
9. Swerin A, O ¨ dberg L (1996) An extended model for the estimation of flocculation efficiency
factors in multicomponent flocculant systems. Colloids Surf A 113:25
10. Eklund D, Lindstro ¨m T (1991) Paper chemistry. DT Paper Science Publications, Grankulla
11. Gregory J, Barany S (2011) Adsorption and flocculation by polymers and polymer mixtures.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci 169:1
12. Dragan ES (2007) New trends in ionic (co)polymers and hybrids. Nova Science, New York
13. Moore E (1976) Charge relationship of dual polymer retention aids. Tappi 59:120
14. Mu ¨ller F, Beck U (1978) Dual-Produktsysteme zur Retention und Entwa ¨sserung in der
Papierindustrie. Das Papier 32:V25
15. Peta ¨ja ¨ T (1980) Fundamental mechanisms of retention with retention agents. Kemia-Kemi
5:261
16. Wagberg L, Lindstro ¨m T (1987) Some fundamental aspects on dual component retention aid
systems. Nordic Pulp Paper Res J 2:49
17. Gill RI (1991) Development in retention aid technology. Paper Technol 32:34
18. Krogerus B (1993) Dynamic flocculation studies on fibre fines and filler clay. Nordic Pulp
Paper Res J 8:135
19. Hedborg F, Lindstro ¨m T (1996) Some aspects on the reversibility of flocculation of paper
stocks. Nordic Pulp Paper Res J 4:254
20. Petzold G (1999) Dual addition schemes. In: Farinato RS, Dubin P (eds) Colloid-polymer
interactions: from fundamentals to practice. Wiley, New York, pp 83–100
21. Petzold G, Buchhammer HM, Lunkwitz K (1996) The use of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes as flocculants and retention aids. Colloids Surf A 119:87
22. Sang Y, Xiao H (2008) Clay flocculation improved by cationic poly(vinyl alcohol)/anionic
polymer dual-component system. J Colloid Interface Sci 326:420
23. Barany S, Meszaros R et al (2011) Effect of polyelectrolyte mixtures on the electrokinetic
potential and kinetics of flocculation of clay mineral particles. Colloids Surf A 383:48
24. Oelmeyer G, Krentz O, Kulicke WM (2001) Kombinierte Flockungshilfsmittelsysteme mit
kationischen Sta ¨rken in der Fest/Flu ¨ssig-Trennung von Hafenschlick. Chem Ing Technol 73:546
25. Petzold G, Lunkwitz K (1995) The interaction between polyelectrolyte complexes made from
poly(dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride) (PDMDAAC) and poly(maleic acid-co-α-methylstyrene) (P(MS-α-MeSty)) and cellulosic materials. Colloids Surf A 98:225
26. Petzold G, Schwarz S, Geißler U, Smolka N (2004) Influence of humic acid on the flocculation
of clay. Colloid Polym Sci 282:670
27. Glover S, Yan D, Jameson G, Biggs S (2004) Dewatering properties of dual-polymer
flocculated systems. Int J Min Process 73:145
28. Fan A, Turro N, Somasundaran P (2000) A study of dual polymer flocculation. Colloids Surf A
162:141
60
G. Petzold and S. Schwarz