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Pharm Sci 40:159–170
54. Kabanov AV, Kabanov VA (1998) Interpolyelectrolyte and block ionomer complexes for
gene delivery: physicochemical aspects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 30:49–60
55. Davis KA, Matyjaszewski K (2002) Statistical, gradient, block, and graft copolymers by
controlled/living radical polymerizations. Adv Polym Sci 159:1–13
56. Matyjaszewski K (ed) (2003) Advances in controlled/living radical polymerization. ACS
symposium series, vol 854. American Chemical Society, Washington
57. Matyjaszewski K (ed) (2006) Controlled/living radical polymerization: from synthesis to
materials. ACS symposium series, vol 944. American Chemical Society, Washington
58. Xu Y, Plamper F, Ballauff M, Mu ¨ller AHE (2010) Polyelectrolyte stars and cylindrical
brushes. Adv Polym Sci 228:1–38
Polyelectrolyte Complexes of DNA and Polycations as Gene Delivery Vectors
185
35. Vorlı ´c ˇkova ´a M, Kypra J, Sklena ´r ˇ V (2005) Nucleic acids: spectroscopic methods. In:
Worsfold P, Townshend A, Poole C (eds) Encyclopedia of analytical science, 2nd edn.
Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 391–399
36. Mirkin SM (2001) DNA topology: fundamentals. In: Encyclopedia of life sciences. Wiley,
New York, pp 1–11
37. Alfredsson V (2005) Cryo-TEM studies of DNA and DNA-lipid structures. Curr Opin
Colloid Interface Sci 10:269–273
38. Lyubchenko YL (2004) DNA structure and dynamics–an atomic force microscopy study.
Cell Biochem Biophys 41:75–98
39. Fransz P, Hd J (2011) From nucleosome to chromosome: a dynamic organization of genetic
information. Plant J 66:4–17
40. Luger K, Mader AW, Richmond RK, Sargent DF, Richmond TJ (1997) Crystal structure of
the nucleosome core particle at 2.8 A ˚ resolution. Nature 389:251–260
41. Travers A (1993) DNA-protein interactions. Chapman and Hall, London
42. Dobrynina AV, Rubinstein M (2005) Theory of polyelectrolytes in solutions and at surfaces.
Prog Polym Sci 30:1049–1118
43. Radeva T (2001) Physical chemistry of polyelectrolytes. Surfactant science. CRC, Boca
Raton
44. Manning GS (1969) Limiting laws and counterion condensation in polyelectrolyte solutions
I. Colligative properties. J Chem Phys 51:924–933
45. Ru ¨he J, Ballauff M, Biesalski M, Dziezok P, Gro ¨hn F, Johannsmann D, Houbenov N,
Hugenberg N, Konradi R, Minko S, Motornov M, Netz RR, Schmidt M, Seidel C, Stamm
M, Stephan T, Usov D, Zhang H (2004) Polyelectrolyte brushes. Adv Polym Sci 165:79–150
46. Israelachvili J (1985) Intermolecular and surface forces. Academic, London
47. Thu ¨nemann AF, Mu ¨ller M, Dautzenberg H, Joanny J-F, Lo ¨wen H (2004) Polyelectrolyte
complexes. Adv Polym Sci 166:19–33
48. Gohy JF, Varshney SK, Antoun S, Jerome R (2000) Water-soluble complexes formed by
sodium poly(4-styrenesulfonate) and a poly(2-vinylpyridinium)-block-poly(ethyleneoxide)
copolymer. Macromolecules 33:9298–9305
49. Kabanov AV, Bronich TK, Kabanov VA, Yu K, Eisenberg A (1996) Soluble stoichiometric
complexes from poly(N-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium) cations and poly(ethylene oxide)-blockpolymethacrylate anions. Macromolecules 29:6797–6802
50. Harada A, Kataoka K (1995) Formation of polyion complex micelles in an aqueous milieu
from a pair of oppositely-charged block copolymers with poly(ethylene glycol) segments.
Macromolecules 28:5294–5299
51. Kakizawa Y, Kataoka K (2002) Block copolymer micelles for delivery of gene and related
compounds. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 54:203–222
52. Voets IK, Keizer AD, Cohen Stuart MA (2009) Complex coacervate core micelles. Adv
Colloid Interface Sci 147–148:300–318
53. Ilarduya CT, Sun Y, Du ¨zgu ¨nes N (2010) Gene delivery by lipoplexes and polyplexes. Eur J
Pharm Sci 40:159–170
54. Kabanov AV, Kabanov VA (1998) Interpolyelectrolyte and block ionomer complexes for
gene delivery: physicochemical aspects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 30:49–60
55. Davis KA, Matyjaszewski K (2002) Statistical, gradient, block, and graft copolymers by
controlled/living radical polymerizations. Adv Polym Sci 159:1–13
56. Matyjaszewski K (ed) (2003) Advances in controlled/living radical polymerization. ACS
symposium series, vol 854. American Chemical Society, Washington
57. Matyjaszewski K (ed) (2006) Controlled/living radical polymerization: from synthesis to
materials. ACS symposium series, vol 944. American Chemical Society, Washington
58. Xu Y, Plamper F, Ballauff M, Mu ¨ller AHE (2010) Polyelectrolyte stars and cylindrical
brushes. Adv Polym Sci 228:1–38
Polyelectrolyte Complexes of DNA and Polycations as Gene Delivery Vectors
185