Table 3 (continued)
Polymeric precursor (its
concentration in the
feed)
Solvent
Conditions of cryotropic gel formation
What was done and reported References
Freezing
temperature
Frozen
storage
duration
Thawing
rate
Number of freeze–
thaw cycles
(
C)
(h)
(
C/min)
69/99 (7–14 wt%)
Water
À1 to
À30
24
1.00;
0.20;
0.02
1
Revealing the significance
of the defrosting rate for
the formation of PVA
cryogels, in general, and
for the properties of the
gels when those are
formed.
[326, 327]
PVA 138/100 (0.1–1.0 g/
dL)
À10, À20, À30
3.00;
0.30;
0.03
[311, 328]
81.7/98.5 (10 g/dL)
À18
18
0.20;
0.02
[329]
69/99; 86/100; 115/100
(8–12 g/dL)
À10; À20; À30;
À40
24
0.30;
0.03;
0.003
[330, 331]
81.7/98 (10 wt%)
Water
À1 to
À10
0–0.5
1.0
1
Studies on frozen PVA
solutions
[332]
69/99 (14 wt%)
À10 to
À30
1–10
[333, 334]
90/98 (10 wt%)
H
2 O–D
2 O mixtures 0 to
À66
1
À
[335]
aPVA: 74.8/99.9 (3
wt%)
D
2 O or DMSO-d
6
À50
À
[336]
iPVA: 400/100 (3 wt%)
À/98.5 (20, 30, or 50
wt%)
H
2 O or D
2 O
0.25–2
À
[337]
69/99 (7–14 wt%)
Water
À1 to
À30
24
1.00;
0.20;
0.02
1
Studies on the microstructure and porosity
[326, 333]
32
V.I. Lozinsky