Sun TY, Gottschalk F, Hungerbühler K, Nowack B (2014) Comprehensive probabilistic modelling of environmental emissions of
engineered nanomaterials. Environ Pollut 185:69–76
Tan W, Peralta-Videa JR, Gardea-Torresdey JL (2018) Interaction of
titanium dioxide NPs with soil components and plants: current
knowledge and future research needs–a critical review. Environ Sci
Nano 5:257–278
Taylor AF, Rylott EL, Anderson CW, Bruce NC (2014) Investigating
the toxicity, uptake, nanoparticle formation and genetic response of
plants to gold. PLoS ONE 9:e93793
Tripathi DK, Singh S, Singh S, Pandey R, Singh VP, Sharma NC,
Prasad SM, Dubey NK, Chauhan DK (2017) An overview on
manufactured NPs in plants: uptake, translocation, accumulation
and phytotoxicity. Plant Physiol Biochem 110:2–12
Trouiller B, Reliene R, Westbrook A, Solaimani P, Schiestl RH (2009)
Titanium dioxide NPs induce DNA damage and genetic instability
in vivo in mice. Cancer Res 69:8784–8789
Tumburu L, Andersen CP, Rygiewicz PT, Reichman JR (2015)
Phenotypic and genomic responses to titanium dioxide and cerium
oxide NPs in Arabidopsis germinants. Environ Toxicol Chem
34:70–83
Vignardi CP, Hasue FM, Sartório PV, Cardoso CM, Machado AS,
Passos MJ, Santos TC, Nucci JM, Hewer TL, Watanabe IS,
Gomes V (2015) Genotoxicity, potential cytotoxicity and cell
uptake of titanium dioxide NPs in the marine fish Trachinotus
carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766). AquatToxicol 158:218–229
Waghmode MS, Gunjal AB, Mulla JA, Patil NN, Nawani NN (2019)
Studies on the titanium dioxide NPs: biosynthesis, applications and
remediation. SN Appl Sci 1:310
Wang F, Liu X, Shi Z, Tong R, Adams CA, Shi X (2016) Arbuscular
mycorrhizae alleviate negative effects of zinc oxide nanoparticle
and zinc accumulation in maize plants—A soil microcosm experiment. Chemosphere 147:88–97
Wang S, Kurepa J, Smalle JA (2011) Ultra-small TiO 2 NPs disrupt
microtubular networks in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Environ
34:811–820
Wang S, Su R, Nie S, Sun M, Zhang J, Wu D,Moustaid-Moussa N
(2014) Application of nanotechnology in improving bioavailability
and bioactivity of diet-derived phytochemicals. J Nutr Biochem
25:363–376
Wang WN, Tarafdar JC, Biswas P (2013) Nanoparticle synthesis and
delivery by an aerosol route for watermelon plant foliar uptake.
J Nanoparticle Res 15:1417
Weir A, Westerhoff P, Fabricius L, Hristovski K, Von Goetz N (2012)
Titanium dioxide NPs in food and personal care products. Environ
Sci Technol 46:2242–2250
Wu B, Zhu L, Le XC (2017) Metabolomics analysis of TiO 2 NPs
induced toxicological effects on rice (Oryza sativa L.). Environ
Pollut 230:302–310
Yan A, Chen Z (2019) Impacts of silver NPs on plants: a focus on the
phytotoxicity and underlying mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 20:1003
Yang F, Liu C, Gao F, Su M, Wu X, Zheng L, Hong F, Yang P (2007)
The improvement of spinach growth by nano-anatase TiO 2
treatment is related to nitrogen photoreduction. Biol Trace Elem
Res 119:77–88
Yang F, Hong F, You W, Liu C, Gao F, Wu C, Yang P (2006)
Influences of nano-anatase TiO 2 on the nitrogen metabolism of
growingspinach. Biol Trace Elem Res. 110(2):179–90. https://doi.
org/10.1385/bter:110:2:179
Yang X, Cao C, Erickson L, Hohn K, Maghirang R, Klabunde K
(2008) Synthesis of visible-light-active TiO -based photocatalysts
bycarbon and nitrogen doping. J Catalysis 260(1):128–33
Yin JJ, Liu J, Ehrenshaft M, Roberts JE, Fu PP, Mason RP, Zhao B
(2012) Phototoxicity of nano titanium dioxides in HaCaT keratinocytes—generation of reactive oxygen species and cell damage.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 263:81–88
Zhang P, Cui H, Zhong X, Li L (2007) Effects of nano-TiO 2
semiconductor sol on prevention from plant diseases. Nanoscience
12:1–6
Zhang P, Ma Y, Zhang Z, He X, Zhang J, Guo Z, Tai R, Zhao Y,
Chai Z (2012) Biotransformation of ceria NPs in cucumber plants.
ACS Nano 6:9943–9950
Zhao L, Chen Y, Chen Y, Kong X, Hua Y (2016) Effects of pH on
protein components of extracted oil bodies fromdiverse plant seeds
and endogenous protease-induced oleosin hydrolysis. Food Chem. 1
(200):125–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.034
Zheng L, Hong F, Lu S, Liu C (2005) Effect of nano-TiO 2 on strength
of naturally aged seeds and growth of spinach. Biol Trace Elem Res
104:83–91
Zhu X, Wang J, Zhang X, Chang Y, Chen Y (2010) Trophic transfer of
TiO 2 NPs from daphnia to zebrafish in a simplified freshwater food
chain. Chemosphere 79:928–933
Ziental D, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Mlynarczyk DT, GlowackaSobotta A, Stanisz B, Goslinski T, Sobotta L (2020) Titanium
Dioxide NPs: Prospects and Applications in Medicine. Nanomaterials 10:387
72
R. Singh et al.
engineered nanomaterials. Environ Pollut 185:69–76
Tan W, Peralta-Videa JR, Gardea-Torresdey JL (2018) Interaction of
titanium dioxide NPs with soil components and plants: current
knowledge and future research needs–a critical review. Environ Sci
Nano 5:257–278
Taylor AF, Rylott EL, Anderson CW, Bruce NC (2014) Investigating
the toxicity, uptake, nanoparticle formation and genetic response of
plants to gold. PLoS ONE 9:e93793
Tripathi DK, Singh S, Singh S, Pandey R, Singh VP, Sharma NC,
Prasad SM, Dubey NK, Chauhan DK (2017) An overview on
manufactured NPs in plants: uptake, translocation, accumulation
and phytotoxicity. Plant Physiol Biochem 110:2–12
Trouiller B, Reliene R, Westbrook A, Solaimani P, Schiestl RH (2009)
Titanium dioxide NPs induce DNA damage and genetic instability
in vivo in mice. Cancer Res 69:8784–8789
Tumburu L, Andersen CP, Rygiewicz PT, Reichman JR (2015)
Phenotypic and genomic responses to titanium dioxide and cerium
oxide NPs in Arabidopsis germinants. Environ Toxicol Chem
34:70–83
Vignardi CP, Hasue FM, Sartório PV, Cardoso CM, Machado AS,
Passos MJ, Santos TC, Nucci JM, Hewer TL, Watanabe IS,
Gomes V (2015) Genotoxicity, potential cytotoxicity and cell
uptake of titanium dioxide NPs in the marine fish Trachinotus
carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766). AquatToxicol 158:218–229
Waghmode MS, Gunjal AB, Mulla JA, Patil NN, Nawani NN (2019)
Studies on the titanium dioxide NPs: biosynthesis, applications and
remediation. SN Appl Sci 1:310
Wang F, Liu X, Shi Z, Tong R, Adams CA, Shi X (2016) Arbuscular
mycorrhizae alleviate negative effects of zinc oxide nanoparticle
and zinc accumulation in maize plants—A soil microcosm experiment. Chemosphere 147:88–97
Wang S, Kurepa J, Smalle JA (2011) Ultra-small TiO 2 NPs disrupt
microtubular networks in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Environ
34:811–820
Wang S, Su R, Nie S, Sun M, Zhang J, Wu D,Moustaid-Moussa N
(2014) Application of nanotechnology in improving bioavailability
and bioactivity of diet-derived phytochemicals. J Nutr Biochem
25:363–376
Wang WN, Tarafdar JC, Biswas P (2013) Nanoparticle synthesis and
delivery by an aerosol route for watermelon plant foliar uptake.
J Nanoparticle Res 15:1417
Weir A, Westerhoff P, Fabricius L, Hristovski K, Von Goetz N (2012)
Titanium dioxide NPs in food and personal care products. Environ
Sci Technol 46:2242–2250
Wu B, Zhu L, Le XC (2017) Metabolomics analysis of TiO 2 NPs
induced toxicological effects on rice (Oryza sativa L.). Environ
Pollut 230:302–310
Yan A, Chen Z (2019) Impacts of silver NPs on plants: a focus on the
phytotoxicity and underlying mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 20:1003
Yang F, Liu C, Gao F, Su M, Wu X, Zheng L, Hong F, Yang P (2007)
The improvement of spinach growth by nano-anatase TiO 2
treatment is related to nitrogen photoreduction. Biol Trace Elem
Res 119:77–88
Yang F, Hong F, You W, Liu C, Gao F, Wu C, Yang P (2006)
Influences of nano-anatase TiO 2 on the nitrogen metabolism of
growingspinach. Biol Trace Elem Res. 110(2):179–90. https://doi.
org/10.1385/bter:110:2:179
Yang X, Cao C, Erickson L, Hohn K, Maghirang R, Klabunde K
(2008) Synthesis of visible-light-active TiO -based photocatalysts
bycarbon and nitrogen doping. J Catalysis 260(1):128–33
Yin JJ, Liu J, Ehrenshaft M, Roberts JE, Fu PP, Mason RP, Zhao B
(2012) Phototoxicity of nano titanium dioxides in HaCaT keratinocytes—generation of reactive oxygen species and cell damage.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 263:81–88
Zhang P, Cui H, Zhong X, Li L (2007) Effects of nano-TiO 2
semiconductor sol on prevention from plant diseases. Nanoscience
12:1–6
Zhang P, Ma Y, Zhang Z, He X, Zhang J, Guo Z, Tai R, Zhao Y,
Chai Z (2012) Biotransformation of ceria NPs in cucumber plants.
ACS Nano 6:9943–9950
Zhao L, Chen Y, Chen Y, Kong X, Hua Y (2016) Effects of pH on
protein components of extracted oil bodies fromdiverse plant seeds
and endogenous protease-induced oleosin hydrolysis. Food Chem. 1
(200):125–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.034
Zheng L, Hong F, Lu S, Liu C (2005) Effect of nano-TiO 2 on strength
of naturally aged seeds and growth of spinach. Biol Trace Elem Res
104:83–91
Zhu X, Wang J, Zhang X, Chang Y, Chen Y (2010) Trophic transfer of
TiO 2 NPs from daphnia to zebrafish in a simplified freshwater food
chain. Chemosphere 79:928–933
Ziental D, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Mlynarczyk DT, GlowackaSobotta A, Stanisz B, Goslinski T, Sobotta L (2020) Titanium
Dioxide NPs: Prospects and Applications in Medicine. Nanomaterials 10:387
72
R. Singh et al.