Acknowledgements Authors are grateful to the University Grand
Commission, New Delhi, for financial support to Ms Kajal Patel and
Indu Tripathi. Authors are also thankful to Professor K.S. Rao, Head,
Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, for his kind
support.
References
Aghdam MTB, Mohammadi H, Ghorbanpour M (2016) Effects of
nanoparticulate anatase titanium dioxide on physiological and
biochemical performance of Linum usitatissimum(Linaceae) under
well-watered and drought stress conditions. Braz J Bot 39:139–146
Al-Bartya AM, Hamzab RZ (2015) Larvicidal, antioxidant activities
and perturbation of Transminases activities of Titanium dioxide NPs
synthesized using Moringa oleifera leaves extract against the red
palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus). Eur J Pharm Med Res
2:49–54
Ali T, Tripathi P, Azam A, Raza W, Ahmed AS, Ahmed A, Muneer M
(2017) Photocatalytic performance of Fe-doped TiO 2 NPs under
visible-light irradiation. Mater Res Express 4:015022
Amini S, Maali-Amiri R, Mohammadi R, Kazemi-Shahandashti SS
(2017) cDNA-AFLP analysis of transcripts induced in chickpea
plants by TiO 2 NPs during cold stress. Plant Physiol Biochem
111:39–49
Andersen CP, King G, Plocher M, Storm M, Pokhrel LR, Johnson MG,
Rygiewicz PT (2016) Germination and early plant development of
ten plant species exposed to titanium dioxide and cerium oxide NPs.
Environ Toxicol Chem 35:2223–2229
Asli S, Neumann PM (2009) Colloidal suspensions of clay or titanium
dioxide NPs can inhibit leaf growth and transpiration via physical
effects on root water transport. Plant Cell Environ 32:577–584
Azimi R, Feizi H, Hosseini MK (2013) Can bulk and nanosized
titanium dioxide particles improve seed germination features of
wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum). not Sci Biol 5:325–331
Baan R, Straif K, Grosse Y, Secretan B, El Ghissassi F, Cogliano V,
WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer Monograph
Working Group (2006) Carcinogenicity of carbon black, titanium
dioxide, and talc. Policy Watch 7:295–296
Binas V, Venieri D, Kotzias D, Kiriakidis G (2017) Modified TiO 2
based photocatalysts for improved air and health quality. J Materiomics 3:3–16
Binh CTT, Peterson CG, Tong T, Gray KA, Gaillard J-F, Kelly JJ
(2015) Comparing acute effects of a nano-TiO2 pigment on
cosmopolitan
freshwater
phototrophic
microbes
using
high-throughput screening. PLoS ONE 10:e0125613
Blaise C, Gagné F, Ferard JF, Eullaffroy P (2008) Ecotoxicity of
selected nano-materials to aquatic organisms. Environ Toxicol
23:591–598
Bowen P, Menzies J, Ehret D, Samuels L, Glass AD (1992) Soluble
silicon sprays inhibit powdery mildew development on grape
leaves. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 117:906–912
Boxall A, Tiede K, Chaudhry Q (2007) Engineered nanomaterials in
soils and water: how do they behave and could they pose a risk to
human health. Nanomedicine 2:919–927
Boxi SS, Mukherjee K, Paria S (2016) Ag doped hollow TiO 2 NPs as
an effective green fungicide against Fusarium solani and Venturia
inaequalis phytopathogens. Nanotechnology 27:085103
Carpita N, Sabularse D, Montezinos D, Delmer DP (1979) Determination of the pore size of cell walls of living plant cells. Science
205:1144–1147
Castiglione MR, Giorgetti L, Geri C, Cremonini R (2011) The effects of
nano-TiO 2 on seed germination, development and mitosis of root tip
cells of Vician arbonensis L. and Zea mays L. J Nanopart Res
13:2443–2449
Castiglione MR, Giorgetti L, Cremonini R, Bottega S, Spanò C (2014)
Impact of TiO 2 nanoparticles on Vicia narbonensis L.: potential
toxicity effects. Protoplasma251(6):1471–1479. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s00709-014-0649-5
Chao SHL, Choi HS (2005) Method for providing enhanced photosynthesis. Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology.
Bulletin, South Korea Press, 10
Chaudhary I, Singh V (2020) Titanium dioxide NPs and its impact on
growth, biomass and yield of agricultural crops under environmental stress: a review. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 10:1–8
Chichiriccò G, Poma A (2015) Penetration and toxicity of nanomaterials in higher plants. Nanomaterials 5:851–873
Choi HG, Moon BY, Bekhzod K, Park KS, Kwon JK, Lee JH,
Cho MW, Kang NJ (2015) Effects of foliar fertilization containing
titanium dioxide on growth, yield and quality of strawberries during
cultivation. Hortic Environ Biotechnol 56:575–581
Chowdappa P, Gowda S (2013) Nanotechnology in crop protection:
status and scope. Pest Manage Horticult Ecosyst 19:131–151
Cornelis G, Hund-Rinke K, Kuhlbusch T, Van den Brink N, Nickel C
(2014) Fate and bioavailability of engineered NPs in soils: a review.
Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 44:2720–2764
Cox A, Venkatachalam P, Sahi S, Sharma N (2016) Silver and titanium
dioxide nanoparticle toxicity in plants: a review of current research.
Plant Physiol Biochem 107:147–163
DaCosta MVJ, Sharma PK (2015) Influence of titanium dioxide NPs on
the photosynthetic and biochemical processes in Oryza sativa. Int J
Recent Sci Res 6:2445–2451
Darko E, Gierczik K, Hudak O, Forgo P, Pal M, Türkösi E, Kovacs V,
Dulai S, Majlath I, Molnar I, Janda T(2017) Differing metabolic
responses to salt stress in wheat-barley addition lines containing
different 7H chromosomal fragments. PLOS one 12(3)
Debnath N, Das S, Seth D, Chandra R, Bhattacharya SC, Goswami A
(2011) Entomotoxic effect of silica NPs against Sitophilus oryzae
(L.). J Pest Sci 84:99–105
Du W, Sun Y, Ji R, Zhu J, Wu J, Guo H (2011) TiO 2 and ZnO NPs
negatively affect wheat growth and soil enzyme activities in
agricultural soil. J Environ Monitor 13:822–828
Du W, Gardea-Torresdey Jorge L, Xie Y, Yin Y, Zhu J, Zhang X, Ji R,
Gu K, Peralta-Videa Jose R, Guo H (2017) Elevated CO 2 levels
modify TiO 2 nanoparticle effects on rice and soil microbial
communities. Sci Total Environment 578:408–416. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.197
Ebrahimi A, Galavi M, Ramroudi M, Moaveni P (2016) Effect of TiO 2
NPs on antioxidant enzymes activity and biochemical biomarkers in
pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J Mol Biol Res 6:58–66
Etxeberria E, Gonzalez P, Baroja-Fernandez E, Romero JP (2006) Fluid
phase endocytic uptake of artificial nano-spheres and fluorescent
quantum dots by sycamore cultured cells: evidence for the
distribution of solutes to different intracellular compartments. Plant
Signal Behav 1:196–200
Fan W, Peng R, Li X, Ren J, Liu T, Wang X (2016) Effect of titanium
dioxide NPs on copper toxicity to Daphnia magna in water: role of
organic matter. Water Res 105:129–137
Faraji J, Sepehri A (2019) Ameliorative effects of TiO 2 NPs and
sodium nitroprusside on seed germination and seedling growth of
wheat under PEG-stimulated drought stress. J Seed Sci 41(3):309–
317
Federici G, Shaw BJ, Handy RD (2007) Toxicity of titanium dioxide
NPs to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): gill injury, oxidative
stress, and other physiological effects. Aquat Toxicol 84:415–430
Feizi H, Moghaddam PR, Shahtahmassebi N, Fotovat A (2012) Impact
of bulk and nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) on wheat seedgermination and seedling growth. Biol Trace Elem Res 146:101–106
68
R. Singh et al.
Commission, New Delhi, for financial support to Ms Kajal Patel and
Indu Tripathi. Authors are also thankful to Professor K.S. Rao, Head,
Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, for his kind
support.
References
Aghdam MTB, Mohammadi H, Ghorbanpour M (2016) Effects of
nanoparticulate anatase titanium dioxide on physiological and
biochemical performance of Linum usitatissimum(Linaceae) under
well-watered and drought stress conditions. Braz J Bot 39:139–146
Al-Bartya AM, Hamzab RZ (2015) Larvicidal, antioxidant activities
and perturbation of Transminases activities of Titanium dioxide NPs
synthesized using Moringa oleifera leaves extract against the red
palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus). Eur J Pharm Med Res
2:49–54
Ali T, Tripathi P, Azam A, Raza W, Ahmed AS, Ahmed A, Muneer M
(2017) Photocatalytic performance of Fe-doped TiO 2 NPs under
visible-light irradiation. Mater Res Express 4:015022
Amini S, Maali-Amiri R, Mohammadi R, Kazemi-Shahandashti SS
(2017) cDNA-AFLP analysis of transcripts induced in chickpea
plants by TiO 2 NPs during cold stress. Plant Physiol Biochem
111:39–49
Andersen CP, King G, Plocher M, Storm M, Pokhrel LR, Johnson MG,
Rygiewicz PT (2016) Germination and early plant development of
ten plant species exposed to titanium dioxide and cerium oxide NPs.
Environ Toxicol Chem 35:2223–2229
Asli S, Neumann PM (2009) Colloidal suspensions of clay or titanium
dioxide NPs can inhibit leaf growth and transpiration via physical
effects on root water transport. Plant Cell Environ 32:577–584
Azimi R, Feizi H, Hosseini MK (2013) Can bulk and nanosized
titanium dioxide particles improve seed germination features of
wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum). not Sci Biol 5:325–331
Baan R, Straif K, Grosse Y, Secretan B, El Ghissassi F, Cogliano V,
WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer Monograph
Working Group (2006) Carcinogenicity of carbon black, titanium
dioxide, and talc. Policy Watch 7:295–296
Binas V, Venieri D, Kotzias D, Kiriakidis G (2017) Modified TiO 2
based photocatalysts for improved air and health quality. J Materiomics 3:3–16
Binh CTT, Peterson CG, Tong T, Gray KA, Gaillard J-F, Kelly JJ
(2015) Comparing acute effects of a nano-TiO2 pigment on
cosmopolitan
freshwater
phototrophic
microbes
using
high-throughput screening. PLoS ONE 10:e0125613
Blaise C, Gagné F, Ferard JF, Eullaffroy P (2008) Ecotoxicity of
selected nano-materials to aquatic organisms. Environ Toxicol
23:591–598
Bowen P, Menzies J, Ehret D, Samuels L, Glass AD (1992) Soluble
silicon sprays inhibit powdery mildew development on grape
leaves. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 117:906–912
Boxall A, Tiede K, Chaudhry Q (2007) Engineered nanomaterials in
soils and water: how do they behave and could they pose a risk to
human health. Nanomedicine 2:919–927
Boxi SS, Mukherjee K, Paria S (2016) Ag doped hollow TiO 2 NPs as
an effective green fungicide against Fusarium solani and Venturia
inaequalis phytopathogens. Nanotechnology 27:085103
Carpita N, Sabularse D, Montezinos D, Delmer DP (1979) Determination of the pore size of cell walls of living plant cells. Science
205:1144–1147
Castiglione MR, Giorgetti L, Geri C, Cremonini R (2011) The effects of
nano-TiO 2 on seed germination, development and mitosis of root tip
cells of Vician arbonensis L. and Zea mays L. J Nanopart Res
13:2443–2449
Castiglione MR, Giorgetti L, Cremonini R, Bottega S, Spanò C (2014)
Impact of TiO 2 nanoparticles on Vicia narbonensis L.: potential
toxicity effects. Protoplasma251(6):1471–1479. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s00709-014-0649-5
Chao SHL, Choi HS (2005) Method for providing enhanced photosynthesis. Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology.
Bulletin, South Korea Press, 10
Chaudhary I, Singh V (2020) Titanium dioxide NPs and its impact on
growth, biomass and yield of agricultural crops under environmental stress: a review. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 10:1–8
Chichiriccò G, Poma A (2015) Penetration and toxicity of nanomaterials in higher plants. Nanomaterials 5:851–873
Choi HG, Moon BY, Bekhzod K, Park KS, Kwon JK, Lee JH,
Cho MW, Kang NJ (2015) Effects of foliar fertilization containing
titanium dioxide on growth, yield and quality of strawberries during
cultivation. Hortic Environ Biotechnol 56:575–581
Chowdappa P, Gowda S (2013) Nanotechnology in crop protection:
status and scope. Pest Manage Horticult Ecosyst 19:131–151
Cornelis G, Hund-Rinke K, Kuhlbusch T, Van den Brink N, Nickel C
(2014) Fate and bioavailability of engineered NPs in soils: a review.
Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 44:2720–2764
Cox A, Venkatachalam P, Sahi S, Sharma N (2016) Silver and titanium
dioxide nanoparticle toxicity in plants: a review of current research.
Plant Physiol Biochem 107:147–163
DaCosta MVJ, Sharma PK (2015) Influence of titanium dioxide NPs on
the photosynthetic and biochemical processes in Oryza sativa. Int J
Recent Sci Res 6:2445–2451
Darko E, Gierczik K, Hudak O, Forgo P, Pal M, Türkösi E, Kovacs V,
Dulai S, Majlath I, Molnar I, Janda T(2017) Differing metabolic
responses to salt stress in wheat-barley addition lines containing
different 7H chromosomal fragments. PLOS one 12(3)
Debnath N, Das S, Seth D, Chandra R, Bhattacharya SC, Goswami A
(2011) Entomotoxic effect of silica NPs against Sitophilus oryzae
(L.). J Pest Sci 84:99–105
Du W, Sun Y, Ji R, Zhu J, Wu J, Guo H (2011) TiO 2 and ZnO NPs
negatively affect wheat growth and soil enzyme activities in
agricultural soil. J Environ Monitor 13:822–828
Du W, Gardea-Torresdey Jorge L, Xie Y, Yin Y, Zhu J, Zhang X, Ji R,
Gu K, Peralta-Videa Jose R, Guo H (2017) Elevated CO 2 levels
modify TiO 2 nanoparticle effects on rice and soil microbial
communities. Sci Total Environment 578:408–416. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.197
Ebrahimi A, Galavi M, Ramroudi M, Moaveni P (2016) Effect of TiO 2
NPs on antioxidant enzymes activity and biochemical biomarkers in
pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J Mol Biol Res 6:58–66
Etxeberria E, Gonzalez P, Baroja-Fernandez E, Romero JP (2006) Fluid
phase endocytic uptake of artificial nano-spheres and fluorescent
quantum dots by sycamore cultured cells: evidence for the
distribution of solutes to different intracellular compartments. Plant
Signal Behav 1:196–200
Fan W, Peng R, Li X, Ren J, Liu T, Wang X (2016) Effect of titanium
dioxide NPs on copper toxicity to Daphnia magna in water: role of
organic matter. Water Res 105:129–137
Faraji J, Sepehri A (2019) Ameliorative effects of TiO 2 NPs and
sodium nitroprusside on seed germination and seedling growth of
wheat under PEG-stimulated drought stress. J Seed Sci 41(3):309–
317
Federici G, Shaw BJ, Handy RD (2007) Toxicity of titanium dioxide
NPs to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): gill injury, oxidative
stress, and other physiological effects. Aquat Toxicol 84:415–430
Feizi H, Moghaddam PR, Shahtahmassebi N, Fotovat A (2012) Impact
of bulk and nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) on wheat seedgermination and seedling growth. Biol Trace Elem Res 146:101–106
68
R. Singh et al.