12
2 Advantages of Hybrid Bioreactor
river discharge (Zammataro et al. 2004). Biological nutrient (ammonium nitrogen)
removal was performed by hybrid bioreactor introducing porous ceramic particles
into the reactor and the biofilm thickness was observed using scanning electron microscope [6]. The treatment outcomes revealed that the attached biomass has a stronger
ability to resist the nitrification inhibitor. The marble particles, as a suspended carrier
was added in the activated sludge process for promoting its nitrification process [7].
Sponge-type media was also used as biofilm media in IFAS system [8]. Dispersed
plastic foam particles, partly submerged rotating disk and fully submerged plastic
disks were also used as a movable media for attaching the biomass in the hybrid
bioreactor [9]. A moving bed biofilm pretreatment was integrated into the plant with
improved sludge separation in the secondary clarifier for attaining the limit of COD
discharge into nearby river [10, 11]. Activated sludge biofilm wastewater treatment
system was developed as a hybrid modification of existing ASP by inserting plastic
nets vertically into the aeration tank [12–14]. Hybrid bioreactor was applied for
biological nutrient removal in industrial wastewater treatment [6]. Porous ceramic
particles were introduced into the reactor to provide the surface for biomass attachment. It was observed that attached biomass is superior to suspended biomass for
nitrifying wastewater containing toxic organic compounds.
Rapid nitrification was achieved by employing macro-porous cellulose carrier
for attachment of nitrifying bacteria [15]. Nitrification was also done using chalk
as a biomass carrier and for attaching nitrifying biomass in a hybrid bioreactor
[16]. A similar line of research using talqueous powder as a medium of attachment
surface for improving the performance of existing activated sludge plant without
changing its infrastructure was also carried out [17]. 30% increase in nitrification
with improvement in sludge volume index (SVI) compared to the existing ASP was
observed during this study. The said research was also done using the ferro-magnetic
powder in the similar type of reactor [18]. Fibrous carriers were used in anoxic zone
in an aeration tank for enhancing the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus [19].
2.2.1 The LINPOR Process
This modified activated sludge system utilized a suspended media of highly porous
plastic foams cubes as a movable biofilm media which occupied 10–30% of the
liquid volume in an aeration tank. The process produces a treated effluent quality far
better than the conventional ASP process. The LINPOR system can be configured
according to the level of treatment required (carbonaceous, ammonia reduction or
total nitrogen reduction) and the process is ideally suited for upgrading existing
systems with minimum modifications to the existing facilities [20, 21] (Fig. 2.1).
2 Advantages of Hybrid Bioreactor
river discharge (Zammataro et al. 2004). Biological nutrient (ammonium nitrogen)
removal was performed by hybrid bioreactor introducing porous ceramic particles
into the reactor and the biofilm thickness was observed using scanning electron microscope [6]. The treatment outcomes revealed that the attached biomass has a stronger
ability to resist the nitrification inhibitor. The marble particles, as a suspended carrier
was added in the activated sludge process for promoting its nitrification process [7].
Sponge-type media was also used as biofilm media in IFAS system [8]. Dispersed
plastic foam particles, partly submerged rotating disk and fully submerged plastic
disks were also used as a movable media for attaching the biomass in the hybrid
bioreactor [9]. A moving bed biofilm pretreatment was integrated into the plant with
improved sludge separation in the secondary clarifier for attaining the limit of COD
discharge into nearby river [10, 11]. Activated sludge biofilm wastewater treatment
system was developed as a hybrid modification of existing ASP by inserting plastic
nets vertically into the aeration tank [12–14]. Hybrid bioreactor was applied for
biological nutrient removal in industrial wastewater treatment [6]. Porous ceramic
particles were introduced into the reactor to provide the surface for biomass attachment. It was observed that attached biomass is superior to suspended biomass for
nitrifying wastewater containing toxic organic compounds.
Rapid nitrification was achieved by employing macro-porous cellulose carrier
for attachment of nitrifying bacteria [15]. Nitrification was also done using chalk
as a biomass carrier and for attaching nitrifying biomass in a hybrid bioreactor
[16]. A similar line of research using talqueous powder as a medium of attachment
surface for improving the performance of existing activated sludge plant without
changing its infrastructure was also carried out [17]. 30% increase in nitrification
with improvement in sludge volume index (SVI) compared to the existing ASP was
observed during this study. The said research was also done using the ferro-magnetic
powder in the similar type of reactor [18]. Fibrous carriers were used in anoxic zone
in an aeration tank for enhancing the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus [19].
2.2.1 The LINPOR Process
This modified activated sludge system utilized a suspended media of highly porous
plastic foams cubes as a movable biofilm media which occupied 10–30% of the
liquid volume in an aeration tank. The process produces a treated effluent quality far
better than the conventional ASP process. The LINPOR system can be configured
according to the level of treatment required (carbonaceous, ammonia reduction or
total nitrogen reduction) and the process is ideally suited for upgrading existing
systems with minimum modifications to the existing facilities [20, 21] (Fig. 2.1).