Synergistic Effect of Quercetin with Allicin from the Ethanolic …
77
Fig. 5 a The viability kinetics of the sessile group of oral isolate cells after treatment with ethanolic
extract of AC and azithromycin. b The kinetics of revival of treated cells of B. cereus
D
A
B
C
Fig. 6 SEM images of biofilms developed by oral isolates. SEM images illustrating the effect of
A. cepa and azithromycin extract (1 mg/ml) on biofilm formation. a Normal chitin flakes without
any biofilm formation. b Biofilm established on chitin flakes by oral isolates. c Shrinkage of EPS
matrix of oral isolates due to the addition of plant extract of A. cepa. d Shrinkage of EPS matrix of
oral isolates due to the addition of plant extract of azithromycin
when challenged with 16 * MIC of ethanolic extract of A. cepa for a time period of
0–48 h with respect to control and standard antibiotic Azithromycin (Fig. 5b).
3.5 SEM Analysis
The topography of the biofilm developed by oral isolates and the effect of A. cepa
extract and azithromycin treatment on it was analyzed by SEM. A well-grown biofilm
along with adhering bacterial cells were observed in controls (normal biofilm developed by bacterial isolate) in the SEM analysis, whereas dispersed bacterial cells were
observed in treated samples (Fig. 6).
3.6 Fluorescent Microscopy Analysis
Fluorescence microscopic observations provide useful information on biofilms. In
the control experiment, a thick coating of biofilms was detected in absence of plant
77
Fig. 5 a The viability kinetics of the sessile group of oral isolate cells after treatment with ethanolic
extract of AC and azithromycin. b The kinetics of revival of treated cells of B. cereus
D
A
B
C
Fig. 6 SEM images of biofilms developed by oral isolates. SEM images illustrating the effect of
A. cepa and azithromycin extract (1 mg/ml) on biofilm formation. a Normal chitin flakes without
any biofilm formation. b Biofilm established on chitin flakes by oral isolates. c Shrinkage of EPS
matrix of oral isolates due to the addition of plant extract of A. cepa. d Shrinkage of EPS matrix of
oral isolates due to the addition of plant extract of azithromycin
when challenged with 16 * MIC of ethanolic extract of A. cepa for a time period of
0–48 h with respect to control and standard antibiotic Azithromycin (Fig. 5b).
3.5 SEM Analysis
The topography of the biofilm developed by oral isolates and the effect of A. cepa
extract and azithromycin treatment on it was analyzed by SEM. A well-grown biofilm
along with adhering bacterial cells were observed in controls (normal biofilm developed by bacterial isolate) in the SEM analysis, whereas dispersed bacterial cells were
observed in treated samples (Fig. 6).
3.6 Fluorescent Microscopy Analysis
Fluorescence microscopic observations provide useful information on biofilms. In
the control experiment, a thick coating of biofilms was detected in absence of plant