476
B. Bairagi and D. Nath
resistance found in diabetic wounds (Griffith et al. 2015; Pelgrift and Friedman 2013).
Clinical uses include topical treatment of infected burns, open wounds, and chronic
ulcers. In addition to its anti-inflammatory effects, it controls collagen deposition that
accelerates wound healing (Chaloupka et al. 2010). Phytochemically protected silver
nanomaterial is more sustainable and eco-friendly than the chemically synthesized
one.
Diabetic wounds are characterized by a hyperinflammatory response characterized by infiltration of large number of neutrophils and macrophages capable of
producing radical oxygen species as defense mechanisms against invading microbes.
The effect can aggravate the inflammation and cytotoxicity of the microenvironment
delaying wound healing (Wetzler et al. 2000; Dissemond et al. 2002; Robinson 2009).
Green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Catharanthus roseus, Solanum
xanthocarpum L., Solanum indicum, Ziziphus nummularia‚ Citrullus colocynthis,
Kigelia Africana, Coriandrum sativum, Arnebia nobilis, Cassia auriculata, Virola
oleifera, Viburnum trilobum, Tridax procumbens, Lansium domesticum, Azadirachta
indica, Dimocarpus longan, Cucumis sativus and Orchidantha chinensis have been
shown by different investigators to have significant healing efficiency toward cut
and burn wound and chronic wounds (Shinwari et al. 2006; Garg et al. 2014;
Shankar et al. 2015; Pothireddy et al. 2016; Mohanta et al. 2017; Bhagavathy and
Kancharla 2016; Pannerselvam et al. 2017; Wang et al. 2017; Al-Shmgani et al.
2017). Silver ion is considered as toxic toward biological system due to its biochemical reactivity but many investigators showed that phytoprotective silver nanomaterial
possessed insignificant level of toxicity in cultures as well as in vivo system (Ovais
et al. 2018). Phytoprotected silver nanoparticles have the capacity to kill multidrugresistant bacterial populations leading to the fast healing of wounds (Gunasekaran
et al. 2011). It exposes its reactive and catalytic sites for action during inflammation,
cell proliferation, contraction and remodeling of skin during wound healing.
The bark extract of S. asoca was found to have significant analgesic and antiinflammatory activity (Sharif et al. 2011). In this study, we have applied “green”
method to synthesize silver nanoparticles using the aqueous bark extract of Saraca
asoca as reducing agent. In this study, we have analyzed the efficacy of topically
applied phytofabricated silver nanoparticle for the healing of diabetic wound in
comparison with common silver sulfadiazine ointment.
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Preparation of Plant Extract
Saraca asoca bark was collected from the garden of University of Kalyani, Kalyani,
Nadia, and West Bengal, India. The voucher specimens (Deb.kly-60) were deposited
and preserved in the Department of Botany. Bark was ground properly. 0.5 g of bark
powder was mixed with 20 ml of distilled water and heated for 10 min.
B. Bairagi and D. Nath
resistance found in diabetic wounds (Griffith et al. 2015; Pelgrift and Friedman 2013).
Clinical uses include topical treatment of infected burns, open wounds, and chronic
ulcers. In addition to its anti-inflammatory effects, it controls collagen deposition that
accelerates wound healing (Chaloupka et al. 2010). Phytochemically protected silver
nanomaterial is more sustainable and eco-friendly than the chemically synthesized
one.
Diabetic wounds are characterized by a hyperinflammatory response characterized by infiltration of large number of neutrophils and macrophages capable of
producing radical oxygen species as defense mechanisms against invading microbes.
The effect can aggravate the inflammation and cytotoxicity of the microenvironment
delaying wound healing (Wetzler et al. 2000; Dissemond et al. 2002; Robinson 2009).
Green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Catharanthus roseus, Solanum
xanthocarpum L., Solanum indicum, Ziziphus nummularia‚ Citrullus colocynthis,
Kigelia Africana, Coriandrum sativum, Arnebia nobilis, Cassia auriculata, Virola
oleifera, Viburnum trilobum, Tridax procumbens, Lansium domesticum, Azadirachta
indica, Dimocarpus longan, Cucumis sativus and Orchidantha chinensis have been
shown by different investigators to have significant healing efficiency toward cut
and burn wound and chronic wounds (Shinwari et al. 2006; Garg et al. 2014;
Shankar et al. 2015; Pothireddy et al. 2016; Mohanta et al. 2017; Bhagavathy and
Kancharla 2016; Pannerselvam et al. 2017; Wang et al. 2017; Al-Shmgani et al.
2017). Silver ion is considered as toxic toward biological system due to its biochemical reactivity but many investigators showed that phytoprotective silver nanomaterial
possessed insignificant level of toxicity in cultures as well as in vivo system (Ovais
et al. 2018). Phytoprotected silver nanoparticles have the capacity to kill multidrugresistant bacterial populations leading to the fast healing of wounds (Gunasekaran
et al. 2011). It exposes its reactive and catalytic sites for action during inflammation,
cell proliferation, contraction and remodeling of skin during wound healing.
The bark extract of S. asoca was found to have significant analgesic and antiinflammatory activity (Sharif et al. 2011). In this study, we have applied “green”
method to synthesize silver nanoparticles using the aqueous bark extract of Saraca
asoca as reducing agent. In this study, we have analyzed the efficacy of topically
applied phytofabricated silver nanoparticle for the healing of diabetic wound in
comparison with common silver sulfadiazine ointment.
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Preparation of Plant Extract
Saraca asoca bark was collected from the garden of University of Kalyani, Kalyani,
Nadia, and West Bengal, India. The voucher specimens (Deb.kly-60) were deposited
and preserved in the Department of Botany. Bark was ground properly. 0.5 g of bark
powder was mixed with 20 ml of distilled water and heated for 10 min.