16
D. Roy and J. Bhowal
2.7 Extraction of Oil from Spoiled Mandarin Peel
Extraction of oil from soiled mandarin peel was performed by direct solvent extraction method (Nwobi et al. 2006). The method of extraction of oil from spoiled
mandarin peel was performed as the method described in Sect. 2.3.
2.8 Bioconversion of Standard Limonene by Aspergillus sp.
(Aspergillus oryzae)
In a 100-ml Erlenmeyer flask, 30 ml of Potato Dextrose Broth was prepared and autoclaved at 121 °C for 15 min. After that one loopful pure fungal strain of Aspergillus
sp. was inoculated into the sterile PDA broth, then 0.1 ml of analytical standard
limonene was added into the flask, and the flask was incubated for 2 days at 28 °C.
After incubation period, fungal mat was developed. The mat was collected and the
liquid residual part of the media was filtered. About 10 ml of HPLC-grade pet ether
solvent was added and stirred continuously for 1 day on a magnetic stirrer. The sample
was then centrifuged at 5000 rpm and the supernatant was recovered. The concentrated liquid sample was allowed to rotary evaporation to concentrate the sample and
was then analyzed by GC-MS.
2.9 Bioconversion of Standard α-Pinene by Aspergillus sp.
(Aspergillus oryzae)
The bioconversion of standard α-Pinene by Aspergillus sp. was performed as
described earlier in Sect. 2.8.
2.10 Bioconversion of Standard Limonene by Penicillium sp.
The bioconversion of standard by limonene by Penicillium sp. was performed as
described earlier in Sect. 2.8.
D. Roy and J. Bhowal
2.7 Extraction of Oil from Spoiled Mandarin Peel
Extraction of oil from soiled mandarin peel was performed by direct solvent extraction method (Nwobi et al. 2006). The method of extraction of oil from spoiled
mandarin peel was performed as the method described in Sect. 2.3.
2.8 Bioconversion of Standard Limonene by Aspergillus sp.
(Aspergillus oryzae)
In a 100-ml Erlenmeyer flask, 30 ml of Potato Dextrose Broth was prepared and autoclaved at 121 °C for 15 min. After that one loopful pure fungal strain of Aspergillus
sp. was inoculated into the sterile PDA broth, then 0.1 ml of analytical standard
limonene was added into the flask, and the flask was incubated for 2 days at 28 °C.
After incubation period, fungal mat was developed. The mat was collected and the
liquid residual part of the media was filtered. About 10 ml of HPLC-grade pet ether
solvent was added and stirred continuously for 1 day on a magnetic stirrer. The sample
was then centrifuged at 5000 rpm and the supernatant was recovered. The concentrated liquid sample was allowed to rotary evaporation to concentrate the sample and
was then analyzed by GC-MS.
2.9 Bioconversion of Standard α-Pinene by Aspergillus sp.
(Aspergillus oryzae)
The bioconversion of standard α-Pinene by Aspergillus sp. was performed as
described earlier in Sect. 2.8.
2.10 Bioconversion of Standard Limonene by Penicillium sp.
The bioconversion of standard by limonene by Penicillium sp. was performed as
described earlier in Sect. 2.8.