318
R. S. Purty et al.
that has got a vast range of applications from industrial processes to biomedical and
production of energy. In our current work, we were interested in the biological applications of nanoparticles particularly in removing the bacterial strains from different
places under different conditions (Drexler 2007).
There are various studies related to TiO 2 NP that shows the effect of these nanoparticles on various strains of bacteria and its dye-degrading effect under the influence
of direct sunlight and UV light. The bandgap of TiO 2 nanoparticle was found to be
around 3.2 ev, which is not suitable for the solar application and for the dye degradation process. To overcome this problem, we used ammonia and ammonium chloride
as dopants to make conjugated nanoparticle and lower the bandgap between the
valence and conduction bands. Lower the bandgap, less will be the energy required
for the electron to jump from the conduction band to valence band (Lusvardi et al.
2017).
The main aim of the experiment is to synthesize and improve the quality of TiO 2
nanoparticle in an economic way in the lab condition. The base materials used for
the synthesis of TiO 2 nanoparticle were titanium dipropoxide and titanium chloride.
There are various types of nanoparticle oxides such as iron oxide, zinc oxide,
oxides of gold and silver, titanium oxide. Out of these, TiO 2 nanoparticles are most
widely used. The various functions of TiO 2 are being known such as degradation
of various dyes in aqueous solution and its special property of reducing inorganic
ions. TiO 2 nanoparticles have got a special property of photocatalysis and are the
most used photocatalyst oxide (Gupta and Tripathi 2011). TiO 2 nanoparticles have
large surface area and exhibit antimicrobial properties and having certain amount
of thermal and chemical stabilities. It also shows low toxicity and has antimicrobial
properties.
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Synthesis
Based on the previous research paper, we have tested and reproduced some of the
protocols in our laboratory. In order to produce TiO 2 nanoparticles, available protocols were optimized and improved keeping in mind the requirement of the markets.
Reagents used were titanium isopropoxide 99.8%, urea 99%, and ammonium chloride 99.5%. Around 0.4 g of urea was added to 80 ml of double-distilled water in a
beaker and mixed well for 5 min. To this, 1.8 g of ammonium chloride and 20 ml of
titanium isopropoxide were added dropwise and stirred for 30 min. The suspension
was incubated in the water bath set at 90 °C for 1 h. The separated product was dried
at 80 °C for 12 h using hot air blower incubator. All samples were tested at room
temperature.
R. S. Purty et al.
that has got a vast range of applications from industrial processes to biomedical and
production of energy. In our current work, we were interested in the biological applications of nanoparticles particularly in removing the bacterial strains from different
places under different conditions (Drexler 2007).
There are various studies related to TiO 2 NP that shows the effect of these nanoparticles on various strains of bacteria and its dye-degrading effect under the influence
of direct sunlight and UV light. The bandgap of TiO 2 nanoparticle was found to be
around 3.2 ev, which is not suitable for the solar application and for the dye degradation process. To overcome this problem, we used ammonia and ammonium chloride
as dopants to make conjugated nanoparticle and lower the bandgap between the
valence and conduction bands. Lower the bandgap, less will be the energy required
for the electron to jump from the conduction band to valence band (Lusvardi et al.
2017).
The main aim of the experiment is to synthesize and improve the quality of TiO 2
nanoparticle in an economic way in the lab condition. The base materials used for
the synthesis of TiO 2 nanoparticle were titanium dipropoxide and titanium chloride.
There are various types of nanoparticle oxides such as iron oxide, zinc oxide,
oxides of gold and silver, titanium oxide. Out of these, TiO 2 nanoparticles are most
widely used. The various functions of TiO 2 are being known such as degradation
of various dyes in aqueous solution and its special property of reducing inorganic
ions. TiO 2 nanoparticles have got a special property of photocatalysis and are the
most used photocatalyst oxide (Gupta and Tripathi 2011). TiO 2 nanoparticles have
large surface area and exhibit antimicrobial properties and having certain amount
of thermal and chemical stabilities. It also shows low toxicity and has antimicrobial
properties.
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Synthesis
Based on the previous research paper, we have tested and reproduced some of the
protocols in our laboratory. In order to produce TiO 2 nanoparticles, available protocols were optimized and improved keeping in mind the requirement of the markets.
Reagents used were titanium isopropoxide 99.8%, urea 99%, and ammonium chloride 99.5%. Around 0.4 g of urea was added to 80 ml of double-distilled water in a
beaker and mixed well for 5 min. To this, 1.8 g of ammonium chloride and 20 ml of
titanium isopropoxide were added dropwise and stirred for 30 min. The suspension
was incubated in the water bath set at 90 °C for 1 h. The separated product was dried
at 80 °C for 12 h using hot air blower incubator. All samples were tested at room
temperature.