306
B. Singh and S. Banerjee
peroxidation activity in 10 Mm CaSO 4 . The study reveals that CaCO 3 followed by
CaSO 4 is better than CaCl 2 to combat NaCl stress.
Keywords Rice · Sodium chloride · Calcium ion · Reducing sugar · Starch ·
Chlorophyll · Proline · Antioxidants
1 Introduction
Rice is considered as a major food crop across worldwide and India is one of the
largest producers of that. Rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) is a salt-sensitive crop for which
soil salinity is a major factor limiting yield throughout the coastal areas of Africa and
South Asia and Southeastern Asia (Flowers and Yeo 1981). In India, the Sunderban
area of West Bengal falls under this. However, rice genotypes show wide variations
in salt tolerance (Sahi et al. 2006). Rising sea levels, salt accumulation, erosion and
human activities lead to increase the salinity in the rice fields rapidly (Maclean et al.
2002). Salinity effects on rice both in morphological and physiological ways (Khatun
and Flowers 1995). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by the plant during
photosynthesis and respiration. Stress situations lead to the formation of ROS in
higher amount, causing cell death (Gupta and Huang 2014).
The important antioxidant enzymatic components of the defence mechanism
are superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and
glutathione reductase (Ahmad 2014). It has been observed that there are several
signalling molecules such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids and
calcium (Ca) that can mitigate the adverse effects of salinity through activating the
defence mechanisms (Cha-um et al. 2015; Gupta and Huang 2014; Popova et al.
1995; Fragnire et al 2011; Clause and Sasse 1998).
Ca has been reported to restrict the entry of Na
+ into the plant cells (Kader
and Lindberg 2008; Hussain et al. 2010) and improve the soil physical conditions
(Qadir et al. 2001). This study comprises comparison of the effect of the combined
action of sodium chloride (NaCl) and three types of calcium salts, calcium chloride
(CaCl 2 ), calcium sulphate (CaSO 4 ) and calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), on three rice
varieties (‘Chinsurah Nona-2’, ‘Dudherswar’ and ‘Pratiksha’) both morphological
and biochemical estimations.
2 Materials
Three varieties of rice seeds, ‘Chinsurah Nona-2’ (CN2), ‘Dudherswar’ (DDH)
and ‘Pratiksha’(PAT), locally cultivable at salted soils of Gosaba (Sunderban) were
collected from Gosaba Rice Research Centre, Gosaba, South 24-Parganas, West
Bengal.
B. Singh and S. Banerjee
peroxidation activity in 10 Mm CaSO 4 . The study reveals that CaCO 3 followed by
CaSO 4 is better than CaCl 2 to combat NaCl stress.
Keywords Rice · Sodium chloride · Calcium ion · Reducing sugar · Starch ·
Chlorophyll · Proline · Antioxidants
1 Introduction
Rice is considered as a major food crop across worldwide and India is one of the
largest producers of that. Rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) is a salt-sensitive crop for which
soil salinity is a major factor limiting yield throughout the coastal areas of Africa and
South Asia and Southeastern Asia (Flowers and Yeo 1981). In India, the Sunderban
area of West Bengal falls under this. However, rice genotypes show wide variations
in salt tolerance (Sahi et al. 2006). Rising sea levels, salt accumulation, erosion and
human activities lead to increase the salinity in the rice fields rapidly (Maclean et al.
2002). Salinity effects on rice both in morphological and physiological ways (Khatun
and Flowers 1995). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by the plant during
photosynthesis and respiration. Stress situations lead to the formation of ROS in
higher amount, causing cell death (Gupta and Huang 2014).
The important antioxidant enzymatic components of the defence mechanism
are superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and
glutathione reductase (Ahmad 2014). It has been observed that there are several
signalling molecules such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids and
calcium (Ca) that can mitigate the adverse effects of salinity through activating the
defence mechanisms (Cha-um et al. 2015; Gupta and Huang 2014; Popova et al.
1995; Fragnire et al 2011; Clause and Sasse 1998).
Ca has been reported to restrict the entry of Na
+ into the plant cells (Kader
and Lindberg 2008; Hussain et al. 2010) and improve the soil physical conditions
(Qadir et al. 2001). This study comprises comparison of the effect of the combined
action of sodium chloride (NaCl) and three types of calcium salts, calcium chloride
(CaCl 2 ), calcium sulphate (CaSO 4 ) and calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), on three rice
varieties (‘Chinsurah Nona-2’, ‘Dudherswar’ and ‘Pratiksha’) both morphological
and biochemical estimations.
2 Materials
Three varieties of rice seeds, ‘Chinsurah Nona-2’ (CN2), ‘Dudherswar’ (DDH)
and ‘Pratiksha’(PAT), locally cultivable at salted soils of Gosaba (Sunderban) were
collected from Gosaba Rice Research Centre, Gosaba, South 24-Parganas, West
Bengal.