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G. Walunj et al.
TiC increases, the sintering temperature has to increase due to the high melting point
of TiC as compared to the nickel. In this article, we are investigating nickel–titanium
carbide (Ni-TiC) matrix sintering at a maximum 900 °C; therefore, we have restricted
till weight faction of TiC till 25. There has been significant strength improvement
in Ni-10TiC observed due to grain refinement by reinforcing TiC, higher strength of
TiC, good interfacial bonding between Ni and TiC, higher dislocation density due to
the difference between Ni and TiC coefficient of thermal expansion.
Conclusions
In this manuscript, we studied the effects of different weight percentages of titanium carbide (TiC) in nickel-based metal matrix composites (MMCs) prepared using
mechanical alloying (MA) and consolidated using spark plasma sintering (SPS)
processing.
(a) Nickel is a softer material, and reinforcement of harder TiC material into Ni
matrix improves the mechanical properties of Ni-TiC composites.
(b) The addition of titanium carbide (TiC) particles into the Ni matrix helps to
increase the number of nucleation sites creating smaller grains of Ni helps to
improve microhardness significantly.
(c) The nickel matrix and titanium carbide (TiC) particles have higher interfacial
bonding and thermal stability.
(d) The grain size of Ni decreases from approximately 55-nm in Ni-5TiC to 40-nm in
Ni-25TiC, but the Ni-10TiC shows higher compressive strength (approximately
1511 MPa).
References
1. Miracle DB (2005) Metal matrix composites—from science to technological significance.
Compos Sci Technol 65(15–16):2526–2540
2. Ibrahim IA, Mohamed FA, Lavernia EJ (1991) Particulate reinforced metal matrix composites—a review. J Mater Sci 26(5):1137–1156
3. Borkar T et al (2015) Excellent strength-ductility combination in nickel-graphite nanoplatelet
(GNP/Ni) nanocomposites. J Alloys Compd 646:135–144
4. Yang S, Zhong M, Liu W (2003) TiC particulate composite coating produced in situ by laser
cladding. Mater Sci Eng A 343(1–2):57–62
5. Doˇ gan Ö, Hawk J, Tylczak J, Wilson R, Govier R (1999) Wear of titanium carbide reinforced
metal matrix composites. Wear 225–229:758–769
6. Li Y, Bai P, Wang Y, Hu J, Guo Z (2009) Effect of TiC content on Ni/TiC composites by direct
laser fabrication. Mater Des 30(4):1409–1412
7. Weeber AW, Bakker H (1988) Amorphization by ball milling. A review. Phys B Phys Condens
Matter 153(1–3):93–135
8. Zhou X et al (2016) The key role of ball milling time in the microstructure and mechanical
property of Ni-TiCNP composites. J Mater Eng Perform 25(12):5280–5288
G. Walunj et al.
TiC increases, the sintering temperature has to increase due to the high melting point
of TiC as compared to the nickel. In this article, we are investigating nickel–titanium
carbide (Ni-TiC) matrix sintering at a maximum 900 °C; therefore, we have restricted
till weight faction of TiC till 25. There has been significant strength improvement
in Ni-10TiC observed due to grain refinement by reinforcing TiC, higher strength of
TiC, good interfacial bonding between Ni and TiC, higher dislocation density due to
the difference between Ni and TiC coefficient of thermal expansion.
Conclusions
In this manuscript, we studied the effects of different weight percentages of titanium carbide (TiC) in nickel-based metal matrix composites (MMCs) prepared using
mechanical alloying (MA) and consolidated using spark plasma sintering (SPS)
processing.
(a) Nickel is a softer material, and reinforcement of harder TiC material into Ni
matrix improves the mechanical properties of Ni-TiC composites.
(b) The addition of titanium carbide (TiC) particles into the Ni matrix helps to
increase the number of nucleation sites creating smaller grains of Ni helps to
improve microhardness significantly.
(c) The nickel matrix and titanium carbide (TiC) particles have higher interfacial
bonding and thermal stability.
(d) The grain size of Ni decreases from approximately 55-nm in Ni-5TiC to 40-nm in
Ni-25TiC, but the Ni-10TiC shows higher compressive strength (approximately
1511 MPa).
References
1. Miracle DB (2005) Metal matrix composites—from science to technological significance.
Compos Sci Technol 65(15–16):2526–2540
2. Ibrahim IA, Mohamed FA, Lavernia EJ (1991) Particulate reinforced metal matrix composites—a review. J Mater Sci 26(5):1137–1156
3. Borkar T et al (2015) Excellent strength-ductility combination in nickel-graphite nanoplatelet
(GNP/Ni) nanocomposites. J Alloys Compd 646:135–144
4. Yang S, Zhong M, Liu W (2003) TiC particulate composite coating produced in situ by laser
cladding. Mater Sci Eng A 343(1–2):57–62
5. Doˇ gan Ö, Hawk J, Tylczak J, Wilson R, Govier R (1999) Wear of titanium carbide reinforced
metal matrix composites. Wear 225–229:758–769
6. Li Y, Bai P, Wang Y, Hu J, Guo Z (2009) Effect of TiC content on Ni/TiC composites by direct
laser fabrication. Mater Des 30(4):1409–1412
7. Weeber AW, Bakker H (1988) Amorphization by ball milling. A review. Phys B Phys Condens
Matter 153(1–3):93–135
8. Zhou X et al (2016) The key role of ball milling time in the microstructure and mechanical
property of Ni-TiCNP composites. J Mater Eng Perform 25(12):5280–5288