Table 3 OTS applications for bioprocesses and biorefineries [10]
Application
Development tools
Validation
Reference
Conceptual design of
2-step biodiesel synthesis
process (theoretical
120,000 t per year capacity biorefinery)
Aspen plus dynamics
Aspen OTS framework
Unknown
Ahmad
et al. [62]
30 L jacketed batch reactor hydrodynamic and
thermal behaviour
parameterisation
Unisim design
Simulated temperature
profiles compared with
laboratory reactor temperature measurements
Balaton
et al. [63]
Anaerobic biogas production in a 10 L laboratory reactor
FORTRAN (biological
and physico-chemical
sub-models)
WinErs (reactor and plant
sub-models, plus automation, process control
and GUI)
Experimental data from
literature validated with
simulation results
Blesgen
and Hass
[16]
Bioethanol production
from S. cerevisiae (15 L
STR) and green fluorescence protein production
using E. coli (6 L
fed-batch bioreactor)
Biological and physicochemical models integrated into WinErs as
dynamic link libraries
(DLLs)
Substrate consumption,
product formation and
biomass yields were
compared between laboratory reactor and simulator runs
Gerlach
et al. [57]
Large-scale commercial
bioethanol process (reactors ranging in size from
30,000 L to 280,000 L)
Process models written in
C++ were implemented
as DLLs in WinErs
Model validation not
presented
Gerlach
et al. [14]
Integrated cultivation and
homogenisation for
recombinant protein production in a 10 L STR
Process models written in
C++ were implemented
as DLLs in WinErs
Substrate consumption,
product formation and
biomass yields were
compared between laboratory reactor and simulator runs
Gerlach
et al. [64]
Integrated wastewater
biodegradation and
membrane filtration in a
10 L submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR)
The biological model was
written and implemented
in Pascal, while process
automation and GUI were
developed using Delphi
2009
Experimental data from
literature validated with
simulation runs
González
Hernández
et al. [60]
Describes the development of a coding framework combined with a
commercial process control software for rapid
process model development in chemical and
biochemical engineering
eStIM coding framework
used for biological and
process model development and WinErs is used
for automation and process control
Experimental data from
S. cerevisiae production
compared with simulation results
Hass et al.
[65]
Bioethanol production,
crossflow filtration and
rectification column
Process models written in
C++ were implemented
as DLLs in WinErs.
Laboratory fermenter,
membrane filtration unit
and distillation runs were
Hass et al.
[17]
(continued)
76
C. Appl et al.
Application
Development tools
Validation
Reference
Conceptual design of
2-step biodiesel synthesis
process (theoretical
120,000 t per year capacity biorefinery)
Aspen plus dynamics
Aspen OTS framework
Unknown
Ahmad
et al. [62]
30 L jacketed batch reactor hydrodynamic and
thermal behaviour
parameterisation
Unisim design
Simulated temperature
profiles compared with
laboratory reactor temperature measurements
Balaton
et al. [63]
Anaerobic biogas production in a 10 L laboratory reactor
FORTRAN (biological
and physico-chemical
sub-models)
WinErs (reactor and plant
sub-models, plus automation, process control
and GUI)
Experimental data from
literature validated with
simulation results
Blesgen
and Hass
[16]
Bioethanol production
from S. cerevisiae (15 L
STR) and green fluorescence protein production
using E. coli (6 L
fed-batch bioreactor)
Biological and physicochemical models integrated into WinErs as
dynamic link libraries
(DLLs)
Substrate consumption,
product formation and
biomass yields were
compared between laboratory reactor and simulator runs
Gerlach
et al. [57]
Large-scale commercial
bioethanol process (reactors ranging in size from
30,000 L to 280,000 L)
Process models written in
C++ were implemented
as DLLs in WinErs
Model validation not
presented
Gerlach
et al. [14]
Integrated cultivation and
homogenisation for
recombinant protein production in a 10 L STR
Process models written in
C++ were implemented
as DLLs in WinErs
Substrate consumption,
product formation and
biomass yields were
compared between laboratory reactor and simulator runs
Gerlach
et al. [64]
Integrated wastewater
biodegradation and
membrane filtration in a
10 L submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR)
The biological model was
written and implemented
in Pascal, while process
automation and GUI were
developed using Delphi
2009
Experimental data from
literature validated with
simulation runs
González
Hernández
et al. [60]
Describes the development of a coding framework combined with a
commercial process control software for rapid
process model development in chemical and
biochemical engineering
eStIM coding framework
used for biological and
process model development and WinErs is used
for automation and process control
Experimental data from
S. cerevisiae production
compared with simulation results
Hass et al.
[65]
Bioethanol production,
crossflow filtration and
rectification column
Process models written in
C++ were implemented
as DLLs in WinErs.
Laboratory fermenter,
membrane filtration unit
and distillation runs were
Hass et al.
[17]
(continued)
76
C. Appl et al.