1. A nonideal stirred tank with a bypass flow to imitate the smaller timescales and
dead zones to reproduce the spread of residence time distribution for
starvation zone.
Industrial
scale
reactor
Ideal scale-down reactors
a)
b)
c)
1990-2010
2010-2018
Realistic scale-down reactors
Fig. 8 Evolution of the scale-down bioreactor: (a) detection of the gradients sparked the interest in
scale-down bioreactors which in turn led to (b) a conventional approach of series of ideal bioreactors which laid the ground work for the next generation of (c) nonideal but more representative
scale-down bioreactor
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C. S. S. Hajian et al.