model includes the original equipment such as machines, sensors, and actuators as
physical assets. The data model represents the advancement and comprises all data
points that can be acquired from the relevant components of the physical production
process. It also includes all management systems in the operating production process
that are part of the DTMS. Notably, the data model also consists of the individual
order of the DTs. In addition, this chapter reviews relevant standards that support the
establishment of an operating DTMS and highlights future opportunities.
2 Industrial Bioprocesses and Corresponding Value Chains
Biological transformation processes determine our daily life. Nature developed
various principles that are also applicable to industrial production processes. Process
engineers use different bioprocess-related, procedural techniques, e.g., fermentation,
to transform substrates to the desired consumer good. According to Liu [5],
bioprocesses are present in the following industrial areas: biomaterials, health,
biology, process industry, biofuel, and food. In particular, the production of food,
pharmaceuticals, and biotechnological goods requires elaborate bioprocesses.
For these reasons, bioprocesses are elementary parts of value chains. A value
chain adapts the production steps of a specific product to its ecosystem or the
company’s complete manufacturing process if only the corresponding parts of the
value chain are considered. In order to depict the industrial perspective in a reasonable way, it is essential to evaluate the value chain as a whole. Thus, not only the
bioprocesses should be considered but all other unit operations involved. For the
production of bioproducts (e.g., food), several production steps are required. Exemplary processes in the food industry are the production of beer or yogurt, where
fermentations are fundamental for their production. This chapter outlines in Sect. 7
several case studies that belong to the food industry and corresponding logistics.
A complete overview of the production environment is necessary to guarantee
full interconnections of DTs within certain company areas or even among individual
companies. In particular, tracking and tracing must consider all elements of the value
chain.
3 Analysis of Operating Value Chains
A DTMS implementation usually starts with the value chain analysis of the associated ecosystem (Fig. 1). A value chain is analyzed by identifying the stakeholders,
the operating production lines, what physical and virtual components need to
comprise the DTMS, and the types of requirements. Subsequently, the use cases
and targets of the DTMS, including the interfaces and connections between the
stakeholders, need to be specified. Furthermore, the stakeholders’ technical and
virtual infrastructure must be analyzed. This helps in defining the process borders,
The Challenge of Implementing Digital Twins in Operating Value Chains
131
physical assets. The data model represents the advancement and comprises all data
points that can be acquired from the relevant components of the physical production
process. It also includes all management systems in the operating production process
that are part of the DTMS. Notably, the data model also consists of the individual
order of the DTs. In addition, this chapter reviews relevant standards that support the
establishment of an operating DTMS and highlights future opportunities.
2 Industrial Bioprocesses and Corresponding Value Chains
Biological transformation processes determine our daily life. Nature developed
various principles that are also applicable to industrial production processes. Process
engineers use different bioprocess-related, procedural techniques, e.g., fermentation,
to transform substrates to the desired consumer good. According to Liu [5],
bioprocesses are present in the following industrial areas: biomaterials, health,
biology, process industry, biofuel, and food. In particular, the production of food,
pharmaceuticals, and biotechnological goods requires elaborate bioprocesses.
For these reasons, bioprocesses are elementary parts of value chains. A value
chain adapts the production steps of a specific product to its ecosystem or the
company’s complete manufacturing process if only the corresponding parts of the
value chain are considered. In order to depict the industrial perspective in a reasonable way, it is essential to evaluate the value chain as a whole. Thus, not only the
bioprocesses should be considered but all other unit operations involved. For the
production of bioproducts (e.g., food), several production steps are required. Exemplary processes in the food industry are the production of beer or yogurt, where
fermentations are fundamental for their production. This chapter outlines in Sect. 7
several case studies that belong to the food industry and corresponding logistics.
A complete overview of the production environment is necessary to guarantee
full interconnections of DTs within certain company areas or even among individual
companies. In particular, tracking and tracing must consider all elements of the value
chain.
3 Analysis of Operating Value Chains
A DTMS implementation usually starts with the value chain analysis of the associated ecosystem (Fig. 1). A value chain is analyzed by identifying the stakeholders,
the operating production lines, what physical and virtual components need to
comprise the DTMS, and the types of requirements. Subsequently, the use cases
and targets of the DTMS, including the interfaces and connections between the
stakeholders, need to be specified. Furthermore, the stakeholders’ technical and
virtual infrastructure must be analyzed. This helps in defining the process borders,
The Challenge of Implementing Digital Twins in Operating Value Chains
131