356
10 Electrochemical Manufacturing Methods Based on Surface …
of the morphological arrangement of the reduced carbon atom is yet to be unveiled.
In the molten salt processes, both single-wall and multiwall carbon nanotubes can
be produced, occasionally filled with the electrolyte salt. Degradation products of
both the reaction vessel and the electrodes (e.g., Pt or stainless steel) can be found
as entrapped particles in the nanotubes. With the regulation of the temperature and
the composition of the salt mixture, nanosheets and nanospheres can also be found
in the product profile that is by far not homogeneous.
References
1. Penner RM (2002) J Phys Chem B 106:3339–3353
2. Guin SK, Sharma HS, Aggarwal SK (2010) Electrochim Acta 55:1245–1257
3. Bian JC, Li Z, Chen ZD, He HY, Zhang XW, Li X, Han GR (2011) Appl Surf Sci 258:1831–
1835
4. Liu H, Favier F, Ng K, Zach MP, Penner RM (2001) Electrochim Acta 47:671–677
5. Cortés M, Gómez E, Vallés E (2010) Electrochem Commun 12:132–136
6. Querejeta AL, del Barrio MC, García SG (2016) J Electroanal Chem 778:98–102
7. Hernández-Lebrón Y, Cabrera CR (2017) J Electroanal Chem 793:174–183
8. Chen Z, Zhou Y, Li Y, Liu J, Zou Z (2017) Prog Nat Sci Mater Int 27:452–459
9. Plieth W, Dietz H, Anders A, Sandmann G, Meixner A, Weber M, Kneppe H (2005) Surf Sci
597:119–126
10. Ma Y, Di J, Yan X, Zhao M, Lu Z, Tu Y (2009) Biosens Bioelectron 24:1480–1483
11. Wei C, Liu Q (2017) CrystEngComm 19:3254–3262
12. Nayak J, Sahu SN, Nozaki S (2006) Appl Surf Sci 252:2867–2874
13. Sun F, Guo Y, Tian Y, Zhang J, Lv X, Li M, Zheng Y, Wang Z (2008) J Cryst Growth
310:318–323
14. Patil PB, Mali SS, Kondalkar VV, Mane RM, Patil PS, Hong CK, Bhosale PN (2015) J
Electroanal Chem 758:178–190
15. Li A, Chen Y, Duan W, Wang C, Zhuo K (2017) RSC Adv 7:19694–19700
16. Jung T, Schlittler R, Gimzewski JK, Himpsel FJ (1995) Appl Phys A 61:467–474
17. Petrovykh DY, Himpsel FJ, Jung T (1998) Surf Sci 407:189–199
18. Maroun F, Morin S, Lachenwitzer A, Magnussen OM, Behm RJ (2000) Surf Sci 460:249–263
19. Hirai N, Watanabe K, Hara S (2001) Surf Sci 493:568–574
20. Wen R, Pan GB, Wan LJ (2008) J Am Chem Soc 130:12123–12127
21. Walter EC, Murray BJ, Favier F, Kaltenpoth G, Grunze M, Penner RM (2002) J Phys Chem
B 106:11407–11411
22. Tang L, Yu G, Ouyang Y, Si W, Weng B (2008) Electrochim Acta 53:3305–3312
23. Li Q, Penner RM (2005) Nano Lett 5:1720–1725
24. Walter EC, Ng K, Zach MP, Penner RM, Favier F (2002) Microelectron Eng 61–62:555–561
25. Si W, Yu G, Ouyang Y, Tang L, He X, Hu B (2008) J Appl Electrochem 38:1727–1734
26. Ng SY, Ngan AHW (2013) Electrochim Acta 114:379–386
27. Zach MP, Inazu K, Ng KH, Hemminger JC, Penner RM (2002) Chem Mater 14:3206–3216
28. Walter EC, Favier F, Penner RM (2002) Anal Chem 74:1546–1553
29. Walter EC, Penner RM, Liu H, Ng KH, Zach MP, Favier F (2002) Surf Interface Anal 34:409–
412
30. Favier F, Walter EC, Zach MP, Benter T, Penner RM (2001) Science 293:2227–2231
31. Xiao Y, Yu G, Yuan J, Wang J, Chen Z (2006) Electrochim Acta 51:4218–4227
32. Bourg ME, van der Veer WE, Güell AG, Penner RM (2008) Chem Mater 20:5464–5474
33. Mukhopadhyay I, Freyland W (2003) Langmuir 19:1951–1953
34. Fournier C, Favier F (2011) Electrochem Commun 13:1252–1255
10 Electrochemical Manufacturing Methods Based on Surface …
of the morphological arrangement of the reduced carbon atom is yet to be unveiled.
In the molten salt processes, both single-wall and multiwall carbon nanotubes can
be produced, occasionally filled with the electrolyte salt. Degradation products of
both the reaction vessel and the electrodes (e.g., Pt or stainless steel) can be found
as entrapped particles in the nanotubes. With the regulation of the temperature and
the composition of the salt mixture, nanosheets and nanospheres can also be found
in the product profile that is by far not homogeneous.
References
1. Penner RM (2002) J Phys Chem B 106:3339–3353
2. Guin SK, Sharma HS, Aggarwal SK (2010) Electrochim Acta 55:1245–1257
3. Bian JC, Li Z, Chen ZD, He HY, Zhang XW, Li X, Han GR (2011) Appl Surf Sci 258:1831–
1835
4. Liu H, Favier F, Ng K, Zach MP, Penner RM (2001) Electrochim Acta 47:671–677
5. Cortés M, Gómez E, Vallés E (2010) Electrochem Commun 12:132–136
6. Querejeta AL, del Barrio MC, García SG (2016) J Electroanal Chem 778:98–102
7. Hernández-Lebrón Y, Cabrera CR (2017) J Electroanal Chem 793:174–183
8. Chen Z, Zhou Y, Li Y, Liu J, Zou Z (2017) Prog Nat Sci Mater Int 27:452–459
9. Plieth W, Dietz H, Anders A, Sandmann G, Meixner A, Weber M, Kneppe H (2005) Surf Sci
597:119–126
10. Ma Y, Di J, Yan X, Zhao M, Lu Z, Tu Y (2009) Biosens Bioelectron 24:1480–1483
11. Wei C, Liu Q (2017) CrystEngComm 19:3254–3262
12. Nayak J, Sahu SN, Nozaki S (2006) Appl Surf Sci 252:2867–2874
13. Sun F, Guo Y, Tian Y, Zhang J, Lv X, Li M, Zheng Y, Wang Z (2008) J Cryst Growth
310:318–323
14. Patil PB, Mali SS, Kondalkar VV, Mane RM, Patil PS, Hong CK, Bhosale PN (2015) J
Electroanal Chem 758:178–190
15. Li A, Chen Y, Duan W, Wang C, Zhuo K (2017) RSC Adv 7:19694–19700
16. Jung T, Schlittler R, Gimzewski JK, Himpsel FJ (1995) Appl Phys A 61:467–474
17. Petrovykh DY, Himpsel FJ, Jung T (1998) Surf Sci 407:189–199
18. Maroun F, Morin S, Lachenwitzer A, Magnussen OM, Behm RJ (2000) Surf Sci 460:249–263
19. Hirai N, Watanabe K, Hara S (2001) Surf Sci 493:568–574
20. Wen R, Pan GB, Wan LJ (2008) J Am Chem Soc 130:12123–12127
21. Walter EC, Murray BJ, Favier F, Kaltenpoth G, Grunze M, Penner RM (2002) J Phys Chem
B 106:11407–11411
22. Tang L, Yu G, Ouyang Y, Si W, Weng B (2008) Electrochim Acta 53:3305–3312
23. Li Q, Penner RM (2005) Nano Lett 5:1720–1725
24. Walter EC, Ng K, Zach MP, Penner RM, Favier F (2002) Microelectron Eng 61–62:555–561
25. Si W, Yu G, Ouyang Y, Tang L, He X, Hu B (2008) J Appl Electrochem 38:1727–1734
26. Ng SY, Ngan AHW (2013) Electrochim Acta 114:379–386
27. Zach MP, Inazu K, Ng KH, Hemminger JC, Penner RM (2002) Chem Mater 14:3206–3216
28. Walter EC, Favier F, Penner RM (2002) Anal Chem 74:1546–1553
29. Walter EC, Penner RM, Liu H, Ng KH, Zach MP, Favier F (2002) Surf Interface Anal 34:409–
412
30. Favier F, Walter EC, Zach MP, Benter T, Penner RM (2001) Science 293:2227–2231
31. Xiao Y, Yu G, Yuan J, Wang J, Chen Z (2006) Electrochim Acta 51:4218–4227
32. Bourg ME, van der Veer WE, Güell AG, Penner RM (2008) Chem Mater 20:5464–5474
33. Mukhopadhyay I, Freyland W (2003) Langmuir 19:1951–1953
34. Fournier C, Favier F (2011) Electrochem Commun 13:1252–1255