145
C, Nyati MK, Ray D, Walter NG, Yu H, Ross
BD, Rehemtulla A (2015) The kinase activity
of the Ser/Thr kinase BUB1 promotes TGFbeta signaling. Sci Signal 8(358):ra1.
doi:10.1126/scisignal.2005379
13. Schinske KA, Nyati S, Khan AP, Williams TM,
Johnson TD, Ross BD, Tomás RP, Rehemtulla
A (2011) A novel kinase inhibitor of FADD
phosphorylation chemosensitizes through the
inhibition of NF-κB. Mol Cancer Ther
10(10):1807–1817
14. McCaffrey A, Kay MA, Contag CH (2003)
Advancing molecular therapies through in vivo
bioluminescent imaging. Mol Imaging
2(2):75–86
15. Contag CH, Bachmann MH (2002) Advances
in in vivo bioluminescence imaging of gene
expression. Annu Rev Biomed Eng
4:235–260
16. Choy G, Choyke P, Libutti SK (2003) Current
advances in molecular imaging: noninvasive
in vivo bioluminescent and fluorescent optical
imaging in cancer research. Mol Imaging
2(4):303–312
17. Greer LF 3rd, Szalay AA (2002) Imaging of
light emission from the expression of luciferases in living cells and organisms: a review.
Luminescence 17(1):43–74
18. Stacer AC, Nyati S, Moudgil P, Iyengar R,
Luker KE, Rehemtulla A, Luker GD (2013)
NanoLuc reporter for dual luciferase imaging in living animals. Mol Imaging
12(7):1–13
19. Luker KE, Smith MC, Luker GD, Gammon
ST, Piwnica-Worms H, Piwnica-Worms D
(2004) Kinetics of regulated protein-protein
interactions revealed with firefly luciferase
complementation imaging in cells and living
animals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
101(33):12288–12293
20. Bakkenist CJ, Kastan MB (2003) DNA damage activates ATM through intermolecular
autophosphorylation and dimer dissociation.
Nature 421(6922):499–506. doi:10.1038/
nature01368
21. Bensimon A, Schmidt A, Ziv Y, Elkon R, Wang
SY, Chen DJ, Aebersold R, Shiloh Y (2010)
ATM-dependent and -independent dynamics
of the nuclear phosphoproteome after DNA
damage. Sci Signal 3(151):rs3. doi:10.1126/
scisignal.2001034
22. Bhatti S, Kozlov S, Farooqi AA, Naqi A, Lavin
M, Khanna KK (2011) ATM protein kinase:
the linchpin of cellular defenses to stress. Cell
Mol Life Sci 68(18):2977–3006. doi:10.1007/
s00018-011-0683-9
23. Choi S, Srivas R, Fu KY, Hood BL, Dost B,
Gibson GA, Watkins SC, Van Houten B,
Bandeira N, Conrads TP, Ideker T, Bakkenist
CJ (2012) Quantitative proteomics reveal ATM
kinase-dependent exchange in DNA damage
response complexes. J Proteome Res
11(10):4983–4991. doi:10.1021/pr3005524
24. Lavin MF, Kozlov S (2007) ATM activation
and DNA damage response. Cell Cycle
6(8):931–942
25. Mu JJ, Wang Y, Luo H, Leng M, Zhang J,
Yang T, Besusso D, Jung SY, Qin J (2007) A
proteomic analysis of ataxia telangiectasiamutated (ATM)/ATM-Rad3-related (ATR)
substrates identifies the ubiquitin-proteasome
system as a regulator for DNA damage checkpoints. J Biol Chem 282(24):17330–17334.
doi:10.1074/jbc.C700079200
26. Kim ST, Lim DS, Canman CE, Kastan MB
(1999) Substrate specificities and identification
of putative substrates of ATM kinase family
members. J Biol Chem 274(53):37538–37543
27. Sancar A, Lindsey-Boltz LA, Kang TH,
Reardon JT, Lee JH, Ozturk N (2010)
Circadian clock control of the cellular response
to DNA damage. FEBS Lett 584(12):2618–
2625. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2010.03.017
28. Stracker TH, Roig I, Knobel PA, Marjanovic
M (2013) The ATM signaling network in
development and disease. Front Genet 4:37.
doi:10.3389/fgene.2013.00037
29. Weber AM, Ryan AJ (2015) ATM and ATR as
therapeutic targets in cancer. Pharmacol Ther
149:124–138.
doi:10.1016/j.
pharmthera.2014.12.001
30. Shiotani B, Zou L (2009) Single-stranded
DNA orchestrates an ATM-to-ATR switch at
DNA breaks. Mol Cell 33(5):547–558.
doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2009.01.024
31. Kozlov S, Gueven N, Keating K, Ramsay J,
Lavin MF (2003) ATP activates ataxiatelangiectasia mutated (ATM) in vitro.
Importance of autophosphorylation. J Biol
Chem 278(11):9309–9317
32. Durocher D, Jackson SP (2002) The FHA
domain. FEBS Lett 513(1):58–66
33. Filippakopoulos P, Muller S, Knapp S (2009)
SH2 domains: modulators of nonreceptor tyrosine kinase activity. Curr Opin Struct Biol
19(6):643–649. doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2009.10.001
34. Schlessinger J (1994) SH2/SH3 signaling proteins. Curr Opin Genet Dev 4(1):25–30
35. Frosina G (2009) DNA repair and resistance of
gliomas to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Mol
Cancer Res 7(7):989–999. doi:10.1158/15417786.MCR-09-0030
Molecular Imaging of ATM Kinase Activity
C, Nyati MK, Ray D, Walter NG, Yu H, Ross
BD, Rehemtulla A (2015) The kinase activity
of the Ser/Thr kinase BUB1 promotes TGFbeta signaling. Sci Signal 8(358):ra1.
doi:10.1126/scisignal.2005379
13. Schinske KA, Nyati S, Khan AP, Williams TM,
Johnson TD, Ross BD, Tomás RP, Rehemtulla
A (2011) A novel kinase inhibitor of FADD
phosphorylation chemosensitizes through the
inhibition of NF-κB. Mol Cancer Ther
10(10):1807–1817
14. McCaffrey A, Kay MA, Contag CH (2003)
Advancing molecular therapies through in vivo
bioluminescent imaging. Mol Imaging
2(2):75–86
15. Contag CH, Bachmann MH (2002) Advances
in in vivo bioluminescence imaging of gene
expression. Annu Rev Biomed Eng
4:235–260
16. Choy G, Choyke P, Libutti SK (2003) Current
advances in molecular imaging: noninvasive
in vivo bioluminescent and fluorescent optical
imaging in cancer research. Mol Imaging
2(4):303–312
17. Greer LF 3rd, Szalay AA (2002) Imaging of
light emission from the expression of luciferases in living cells and organisms: a review.
Luminescence 17(1):43–74
18. Stacer AC, Nyati S, Moudgil P, Iyengar R,
Luker KE, Rehemtulla A, Luker GD (2013)
NanoLuc reporter for dual luciferase imaging in living animals. Mol Imaging
12(7):1–13
19. Luker KE, Smith MC, Luker GD, Gammon
ST, Piwnica-Worms H, Piwnica-Worms D
(2004) Kinetics of regulated protein-protein
interactions revealed with firefly luciferase
complementation imaging in cells and living
animals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
101(33):12288–12293
20. Bakkenist CJ, Kastan MB (2003) DNA damage activates ATM through intermolecular
autophosphorylation and dimer dissociation.
Nature 421(6922):499–506. doi:10.1038/
nature01368
21. Bensimon A, Schmidt A, Ziv Y, Elkon R, Wang
SY, Chen DJ, Aebersold R, Shiloh Y (2010)
ATM-dependent and -independent dynamics
of the nuclear phosphoproteome after DNA
damage. Sci Signal 3(151):rs3. doi:10.1126/
scisignal.2001034
22. Bhatti S, Kozlov S, Farooqi AA, Naqi A, Lavin
M, Khanna KK (2011) ATM protein kinase:
the linchpin of cellular defenses to stress. Cell
Mol Life Sci 68(18):2977–3006. doi:10.1007/
s00018-011-0683-9
23. Choi S, Srivas R, Fu KY, Hood BL, Dost B,
Gibson GA, Watkins SC, Van Houten B,
Bandeira N, Conrads TP, Ideker T, Bakkenist
CJ (2012) Quantitative proteomics reveal ATM
kinase-dependent exchange in DNA damage
response complexes. J Proteome Res
11(10):4983–4991. doi:10.1021/pr3005524
24. Lavin MF, Kozlov S (2007) ATM activation
and DNA damage response. Cell Cycle
6(8):931–942
25. Mu JJ, Wang Y, Luo H, Leng M, Zhang J,
Yang T, Besusso D, Jung SY, Qin J (2007) A
proteomic analysis of ataxia telangiectasiamutated (ATM)/ATM-Rad3-related (ATR)
substrates identifies the ubiquitin-proteasome
system as a regulator for DNA damage checkpoints. J Biol Chem 282(24):17330–17334.
doi:10.1074/jbc.C700079200
26. Kim ST, Lim DS, Canman CE, Kastan MB
(1999) Substrate specificities and identification
of putative substrates of ATM kinase family
members. J Biol Chem 274(53):37538–37543
27. Sancar A, Lindsey-Boltz LA, Kang TH,
Reardon JT, Lee JH, Ozturk N (2010)
Circadian clock control of the cellular response
to DNA damage. FEBS Lett 584(12):2618–
2625. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2010.03.017
28. Stracker TH, Roig I, Knobel PA, Marjanovic
M (2013) The ATM signaling network in
development and disease. Front Genet 4:37.
doi:10.3389/fgene.2013.00037
29. Weber AM, Ryan AJ (2015) ATM and ATR as
therapeutic targets in cancer. Pharmacol Ther
149:124–138.
doi:10.1016/j.
pharmthera.2014.12.001
30. Shiotani B, Zou L (2009) Single-stranded
DNA orchestrates an ATM-to-ATR switch at
DNA breaks. Mol Cell 33(5):547–558.
doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2009.01.024
31. Kozlov S, Gueven N, Keating K, Ramsay J,
Lavin MF (2003) ATP activates ataxiatelangiectasia mutated (ATM) in vitro.
Importance of autophosphorylation. J Biol
Chem 278(11):9309–9317
32. Durocher D, Jackson SP (2002) The FHA
domain. FEBS Lett 513(1):58–66
33. Filippakopoulos P, Muller S, Knapp S (2009)
SH2 domains: modulators of nonreceptor tyrosine kinase activity. Curr Opin Struct Biol
19(6):643–649. doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2009.10.001
34. Schlessinger J (1994) SH2/SH3 signaling proteins. Curr Opin Genet Dev 4(1):25–30
35. Frosina G (2009) DNA repair and resistance of
gliomas to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Mol
Cancer Res 7(7):989–999. doi:10.1158/15417786.MCR-09-0030
Molecular Imaging of ATM Kinase Activity